National Womens Law Center Website Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

field of study Womens Law shopping centre Website Review - Essay Exampleile reviewing the site and particularly the athletics section I found culture on what a healthy school would look like for girls, the rally for Girls sports day and culture on how to set up sports club funds. These three topics and how I found the information will be divided below in order to help anyone who may require information about appellation IX or athletics information.To find the athletics information I have reviewed anyone squeeze out visit the content Womens Law Center website by using Google or their web address www.nwlc.org. The site is abstemious to navigate to any section whether it is about child care, education, employment, or any other information the National Womens Law Center provides. Under Education and Title IX topics such as optimistic action, athletics, career and technical education, pregnant and parenting students, school reform, sexual harassment and single sex education can be located. Arriving at the site all you have to do is click on our issues, education and Title IX, and then athletics. Concentrating on the athletics section I found information detailing how the law protects women and girls in addition to such things as fact sheets.The fact sheet about healthy schools addresses the needs of a school and how to provide a successful, safe, and healthy environment for all students including girls (National Womens Law Center, 2011). The article creates a list of factors that should be considered like girls at risk, foster girls athletics, protecting girls from harassment and bullying, and ensuring transparency with parents and community members (National Womens Law Center, 2011). This information is helpful to anyone who wants to enroll their child in an athletics program or experiences trouble in school.In school sometimes girls can feel that athletics departments concentrate more on boys by providing sports boys screw more than girls. A recent blog was started to rally for Girls sports day, where more emphasis can be

Immigration to the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration to the United States - Essay ExampleThere pee been numerous arguments and ideas specify forth, both, by the supporters and critics of immigration to the United States.One of the arguments put forth by those who emotional state that there posit to be restrictions placed on immigrations, is that immigrations dilute the superior composition of the society. They feel that the infusion of heterogeneous groups dilutes the favorable position of their countrymen.Earlier, the Americans did not face any problem, doing jobs that were not really meant for the higher strata of the society. However, with the natives of other countries coming in, these jobs have been allocated to them. The Americans, direct, have grown increasingly partial in accepting these jobs. This, has, therefore, led to the classification of work.In addition to this, they feel that the immigrants were assets earlier on and have now transformed into liabilities. It is commonly felt that the immigrant work for ce is now large and has pushed the Americans out of the work force employed. They also feel that the immigrants are a menace to American ideals.On the other hand, there are th

Software Reuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

computer software Reuse - Essay Example software reuse has its roots it software and computer programming in the development of software libraries, which contains functions and subroutines, they are called utile units of software. Now days software reuse contains the spectrum of system artifacts including these software libraries as software requirements and patterns. In software engineering, the last fifty years were a tremendous change. In 1990s, there had been a paper bag from tools, memberes, documentation and plans to individuals, working software, collaborations and responding to change. Organizations have been moved from typical waterfall models to spiral, evolutionary or iterative process models. Software reuse is categorized into two different types opportunistic and systematic. Opportunistic means the unplanned and euphemistically reuse of software artifacts that are not originally designed for reuse of it in mind. But as well as concerned with systematic reuse of soft ware, the software artifacts are designed in a sense that they are deliberately reused (Glisic and Lorenzo 2009). Benefits of Software Reuse The impression behind software reuse is comport cut. Software reuse enables developers to create new software from existing ones victimisation strategies, principles and techniques. A powerful concept proposed by Jones and Bonsignour (2012) has been focused on the software reusability. Software reuse results in a huge productivity, collapse quality and decrease in time for products. It is a mean to achieve the improvement in the boilersuit software production. A high quality software reuse process improves productivity, quality and dependability as well as schedule, cost and performance of software. In short, software reuse development helps in diminution of risks in legacy and new system development. Estublier and Vege (2005) suggested that a really reusable component had a pregnant cost. Therefore, to be cost effective, a reusable comp onent must be widely reused. Reuse backdrop encompasses a range of reuse techniques (Sommerville 2004). Once software reuse is established, it enables the organization to accomplish more without using addition resources. Software reuse is important for business trying to gain and maintain a emulous advantage. It allows organizations to avoid duplicating past efforts. Software issues are also decreased by using these reusing techniques, and it represents a schema to meet the challenges of rapidly changing complex environment (Pressman 2010). Lim (1998) identifies many benefits of software reuse, which are given as following Improved software quality Short time to market Increase development productivity Consistent application functionality Reduce the risk of cost and schedule overruns Allow prototyping for validating user requirements leverage of technical skills and knowledge There are many benefits of software reuse, however, cannot be realized until effective implementation is not applied. Reuse of a software component, which cannot meet the requirements, cannot present the evident until verification and validation activities. Software reuse has broader benefits, but these benefits may be overlooked or go largely unrealizable without the organizational support for reuse and incentives for reuse (Larman 2012). Potential Problems with Software Reuse Sobh (2010) stated the following facts, which affect the software reusing process

Amazonian Ageing and Cultural Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amazonian Ageing and Cultural Stress - Essay ExampleFrom this discussion it is f only thatin the united States, the link between biomedicine, ageism, and culture is centred on the dietary and physical needs of the maturation population. Currently, the fall in States ageing population is increasing older, with more of the male and female population reaching ages into their fresh nineties. This places increased importance on health in the older age groups, where gender, age, obesity, fat distri neverthelession, and diet ar common correlates of high derivation pressure. In Amazonia, the general aged population exists between the ages of 21-49, and high blood pressure.According to the reportthe social practices of traditional Amazonian tribes are likely the indicate dietary activities are not the revolve about of medical concerns in the ageing population. Though there has been around indication that the traditional tribes of the Cofan are down more Western foods with increased salt, their social welfare is appease highly integrated with their meals. Gardening, hunting and sportfishing are all important parts of the subsistence lifestyle, and, importantly all members, even the aged, participate in the emergence and gathering of foodstuffs.The aged Amazonian still has a significant and functional role in the social settlement in gardening and gathering, and thus does not face the same role reduction that many United States retirees are subjected too, and the aged villager is not socially isolated from the village.... More importantly, however, the traditional tribal communities are under constant pressure to matriculate into the modernist societies of Ecuador. High blood pressure, as a medical concern, is not derived from the Amazonian diet, but rather from the stress of resisting social and cultural change (Fitton 2005). The social practices of traditional Amazonian tribes are likely the reason dietary activities are not the focus of medical concerns in the ageing population. Though there has been some indication that the traditional tribes of the Cofan are consuming more Western foods with increased salt, their social welfare is still highly integrated with their meals. Gardening, hunting and fishing are all important parts of the subsistence lifestyle, and, importantly all members, even the aged, participate in the growing and gathering of foodstuffs (Fitton 2005). This contrasts to the United States, where the breadwinner of the family faces role reduction and social isolation once they retire. The aged Amazonian still has a significant and functional role in the social village in gardening and gathering, and thus does not face the same role reduction that many United States retirees are subjected too, and the aged villager is not socially isolated from the village. The aged Cofan villager maintains their contemporary value orientation as a food gatherer, and there is little resource competition.Pressures on Ageing Amazonian sThe ageing members of Amazonian Cofan tribes experience stronger familial and cultural pressures. First, as Fitton (2005) notes, age in the indigenous tribes is relative to their familial position, rather than physical age. numerous of the Cofan area persons do not have recorded ages earlier than 50 years, when missionaries came

Critically Evaluating Quantitative Research Assignment

Critically Evaluating Quantitative Research - Assignment ExampleThe use of the cost quantitative and qualitative in categorizing variables should not be mistaken with the use of these same terms to discern inquiry approaches. The quantitative and qualitative variables described below both occur within quantitative research qualitative research takes into account no such(prenominal) variables because it deals with explanation and interpretation of phenomena and do not reason information in the form of variables (Hopkins, 2008 Hunter & Leahey, 2008 UNESCO, 2011). Quantitative or continuous variables may be classify as interval-scale, continuous ordinal, or ratio-scale. Interval-scale variables have order and equal intervals, be linear, and may assume verificatory or negative values. Continuous-ordinal variables may or may not be linear (i.e., it may be exponential, logarithmic or other monotonic transformation) they hence lose their interval-scale property, and the observations ar in that respectfore best convey by their ranks which is the save certain parameter. Ratio-scale variables are continuous positive measurements on a nonlinear scale, such as the growth of bacterial population in such a case, the population grows or multiplies at a ratio, for equal time intervals (UNESCO, 2011). Qualitative or discrete variables are also known as categorical values. ... The process of measurement may involve different procedures, depending upon the thing being careful (Gay, 1996). Variables in the physical sciences or areas of inquiry are usually measured according to a deterministic or positivist manner this means that the measurements obtained are detectable and verifiable by the five senses, so they are more or less objective (Kincheloe, 1998 Colwell, 2006 Palmo, Weikel & Borsos, 2006 Hammersley & Atkinson, 2007) . On the other hand, measurements of variables that have a bearing in the social sciences are usually probabilistic in nature, which means that t he actual measure may only be conjectured at with a certain degree of accuracy that is less than 100 per cent, and therefore habituated to some subjectivity in the determination. An example of this is psychometrics, the field of study that measures the social and psychological attributes pertaining to certain phenomena (Rust & Golombok, 1999 Rao & Sinharay, 2007 Furr & Bacharach, 2008). Since the attributes measured are essentially internal processes that occur in the mind, they may be observed only from their outside(a) manifestations, or what are thought to be such, and from thence rendered into measurable quantities qualified by probability. Measurement is therefore indirect rather than direct (Kincheloe, 1998 Colwell, 2006). For directly observable things, measurement is straightforward, needing only physical counting or the use of such measuring tools as gauges, scales or meters. For those quantities that may not be directly measured, there are different approaches. One is th e use of proxies (e.g. stand-ins) these are manifestations other than the variable being actually measured, that are

New Business Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Business Venture - Essay ExampleIn this case, it is well-advised to look in for a more structure form of finance rather than unstructured financial support option like funds from relatives and friends. This is because structured finance has several advantages which funds from relatives may not create.2. close Making Moreover, just as in the case of Gift Baskets, the fund giver has to be condition a say in the decision making and strategic moves of the job. This may in any case result in delay in decision making.3. Partnership When peerless approaches a relative or friend for investiture in the barter, it is generally done by an offer of partnership. This means an additional person would be in that location to share the profits of the business. However, the other funding options do not require this.4. No Expertise The promoters of the business may be well aware of the industry and the market scenario. However, the relative who contributes to the business capital as an i nvestment may not have similar expertise. This will result in hassles, when some infallible move is to be taken in the business and the relative does not agree with it.5. Revelation of Secrets The business happens to be the brain child of the promoters. A partner who can fund your business can as well take up your business idea and start his own business, if the matter is money.Banks are one of the known forms of funding the business financ... Let us now view a couple of structured funding options with their working and risks.Banks are one of the known forms of funding the business finance gap. However, banks are unremarkably considered conservative lenders. One can avail long term loans for premises, machinery, furniture etc. with his choice of defrayment horizon or short term loans renewed per year for working capital with corroborative of rakehell and book debts. Generally, banks prefer to fund the business on the creditworthiness of the promoters future scope of the business and the value of the collateral. They also expect secondary collateral in the form of some asset like insurance policies, frozen(p) deposits, land, pull ining etc. PositivesFunds happen to be less expensive Bank credit happens to build up reputation of the businessA choice of variety of loans suiting business requirements. Integration is workable with other financial servicesNo infringement in business decisionsRisksConservative covenants and condition curb in sanction of loansPaper work and requirement of business paper fulfilling all lawsHigh collateral or mortgageVenture CapitalVenture capitalists look for funding businesses with good future prospects and have an aim of having good returns through capital appreciation. This requires a solid and clear business plan with a long term view. However, they would also intend to have certain regenerates of control over the business. But, it would be right to note that, it would be in the best interest of the business as they are typ ically intending to shambling good out of their investment so as to make the business flourish to give them returns on their investment. The positive side of this source of finance is the good amount of availability and the risk involved is that of

IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

IMMIGRATION AND ASYLUM LAW - Essay guinea pigThe ECHR inflexible in the case of Soering v. United Kingdom, 161 Eur. Ct. H.R. (1989) that this provision meant that individuals cannot be extradited if they are threatened with torture or inhuman or contaminating treatment in the requesting country. In this case, Jens Soring fought extradition from Europe to the United States because he would grimace capital charges in the United States, and condition 3 of the ECHR forbids extradition for this reason. While the European Court of gracious Rights unconquerable that transferring a mortal who would face the death penalty would not violate the Article 3 of the ECHR, if a prisoner or a soulfulness would be transferred to a country where he or she confront torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, then this would violate Article 3 of the ECHR (Collyer, 2005). Lilich (1991) states that this judgment was significant because extraditing states must consider the ill-treatmen t of other states when considering whether to send an individual to that ternary state. The ill-treatment may be beyond the control of the state, and the state may give no assurances that the person would not be subjected to ill-treatment. This decision, according to Lilich (1991) overly obligates signatory states to not extradite to other states that would subject the person to ill treatment, and even non-signatory states would not be able to do so. Directly after this case was decided, the ECHR decided several other cases. One such case was Cruz Varas et al. v. Sweden, 46/1990/237/307. In this case, Hector Cruz fled from Chile to Sweden to set about asylum, which was rejected. The woo in that respect stated that Mr. Cruz extradition did not violate Article 3, in part because the situation in Chile was improving. Another case was Vilvarajah et al. v. United Kingdom, 46/1990/237/307 ,Council of Europe European Court of Human Rights,20 March 1991. In this case the petitioner was attempting to ensure that he did not have to return to Sri Lanka. The court in that case institute that there was only a possibility of ill treatment, therefore there was not a br separately of Article 3. In Vivayanathan & Pusparajah v. France, 75/1991/327/399-400 ,Council of Europe European Court of Human Rights,26 June 1992, the court decided that there was not yet an expulsion order for the petitioners, who were trying to encounter being expelled from France into Sri Lanka. Therefore, they could not decide upon the erits of the case. Tomasi v. France (Series A, No. 241-A, Application No. 12580/87), European Court of Human Rights (1993), found for the applicant, who was abused in custody. Allweldt (1993), states that the prohibition on expulsion of individuals to countries hinges on whether or not there is a real risk that the person would be subject to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment. Allweldt (1993) states that the risk that the person faces does not have to be a hi gh probability, just that it exists. There also must be a substantial grounds for the belief that the person would be subjected to torture or inhuman treatment in the receiving country. Addo & Grief (1998), states that Article 3 is brief because it sets out normative standards, and that each country is free to adopt these normative standard

Independent research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independent research - Essay ExampleThe credit invoice involve much risk such as theft, fraud, misuse of personal information, etc. however these risks put up be managed by paying just a little attention to once financial order and the get power. The notice holder must communicate his rights and obligations to the issuing authority which strengthens their relationship and reduces risks (Anderson & Schroder, 2010). Credit card offered by the tills Credit separate are offered by the confides to their customers, through whom they can make retributions for online products, in shops, products use fitted with the telemarketers, for paying bills of hotels and resorts, for paying fare, etc. As indicated by name they are based upon the credit system, the substance abuser of the card would have to pay interest to the bank whenever he makes payments through the credit card. The issuer of the card is the Bank itself which allows the consumers a continuous balance of debt with the inte rest payments. The idea of a credit card was emerged somewhere in 1887. The concept of the modern credit card was based on the idea of merchant credit schemes which were employ among the companies to make payments. Later the horizon of the card become wide and it became available to the local public. Initially these cards were made of celluloid plastic but these days mostly polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used. The credit card holder does non require having an account in the bank. Since the whole process revolves around the concept of credit on that pointfore it is disclose to say that the card owner borrows some amount from the bank to make purchases which are later nonrecreational with an additional amount of interest. People often make purchases without considering their payback power that either they would be able to pay the credited amount to bank or not. Just in case if they are ineffective to pay their credits then they face the consequences of credit card debt. Whenever a purchase is made the card holder enters the personal identification number (PIN) on the basis of which he will pay the Bank in future (Crouhy, Galai & Mark, 2010). Credit cards are often attached with lots of free goods and work that the consumers enjoy on their side whenever they make payments. These services are provided by the banks and different companies. For instance, if you use a credit card of the certain bank, then it will give you several transactional benefits and also easy payment methods. While on the other hand the companies give discounts or additional services to purchase their product. nevertheless to enjoy the extra services customers need to make purchases up to the required limit (Carrol, 2010). Now there are electronic devices available to check the balance and the purchasing power of the card holder instantly. The purchasing power of the card holder can also be analyzed by the security enter printed on the card. This is usually done in online purchases or th e one that are made over the peal where the sales person verifies that either the customer is able to make the payment or not. Every month the card holder receives a bill indicating all of his purchases and the final amount that he has to pay to the Bank. If the card holder is also having an account in the same bank then the unpaid balance is deducted from their differently he can choose to make the payment later with a late fee or additional interest amounts. Regulatory aspect of credit cards In 2009, President Barrack Obama sign(a) the credit card

American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Government - Essay ExampleM some(prenominal) immigrant families have a vision of seeking a better future for their kids and have often have unfortunate dowry beyond their control. Hence, illegal immigrants should be able granted amnesty because it gives immigrants new opportunities, benefits the American core values, and enhances the economy.in the beginning diving into the legality of the problem, it is crucial to understand why and how illegal immigration is a controversial issue. The historied saying that American roads are paved with gold is an ideology that is supported and believed by many. all nation has a purpose of its creation and independence. The untold story of America is bit different as America was founded upon the principles of freedom. Americas tradition to build upon opportunity has been the pinnacle point that has made it majestic over the years. Undoubtedly, it is also one of the key characteristics that has made individuals all across the world to mig rate to America. A country where opportunities are prevalent and individualism is propagated is truly an element that makes this country exceptional. Examples of immigration success religious cult from Albert Einstein to Barack Obama. Hence, America continues to be exceptional because of the opportunities, firm belief in changing status quo, and innovation that it has celebrated over the centuries. This is why America appeals to illegal immigrant, because it allows them to migrate here and seek an opportunity that was never present in their homeland.First and fore some, it is essential to understand that American citizens feel entitled to preserve any invasion that would affect their American dream. Most Americans have a very clear understanding that most illegal immigrants come to America seeking a better life and are willing to rick hard for a lower pay. This insecurity has been a focal point of Americans for many centuries. It is clear that this repulsion is built because of these issues that

MySelf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MySelf - Essay ExamplePossessing such positive moral determine would help to mold an individual into a true human being. These values have taught me to be more responsible both in my personal and professional life and to the connection at large. And it is with the help of these qualities that I hope to achieve my career goals in the near future.Right from the bug out of my educational journey, I have always believed that the purpose of education should not be merely attributed to gaining degrees and institute rather it should contribute to the overall development of the individual. It should enable the individual to distinguish between right and wrong(p) and also stick to what they believe. While some of these skills and capabilities can be gained from an institution, an individual can also derive such information and thinking experiences during his contact with his family or the outside world either in his mould or other related activities. The manner in which an individual presents himself to the world with or without the qualities and attributes presented above testament help to determine the true nature of his education. Both my educational and work experiences have been vital learning and enriching experiences in my life. The experience gained from the summer jobs that I undertook following completion of high school have do me become more efficient and resourceful. They have also helped me learn the importance of team work and the unavoidableness to build strong interpersonal relationships with working partners both in the internal and external work environments.It is my long-cherished woolgather to pursue my education and excel in the chosen field. Both me and my family have faced several setbacks in life but the moral values and principles that we have believed in have us the strength and bravery to face them with a positive spirit and overcome them with right reasoning and tact. Despite the various challenges that I have encountered in lif e, I have always been keen on having a career and

Company law. How to raise funds from public Essay

Company law. How to prink bills from public - Essay frameworkTransferability of shares in the armoury supersede. Stocks and shares of a public bound company preserve be easily traded in the stock exchange and can be converted into cash on the fair market prise of shares. Un throttle numbers of members. There are no barriers on the number of members for a public limited company.Ease in borrowing monetary resource from banks and monetary institutions. Due to its better-understood corporate form and credibility of financial disclosures, banks and financial institutions can offer pecuniary resource rather easily than a private limited company.The disadvantages regarding disruption of a public company are enlisted belowNon restriction in transference of shares. Due to non restriction in transference of shares, it is easy for people to interfere into the management by purchasing shares.Much to a greater extent(prenominal) legal formalities and compliance of laws regarding dec isions.Business cannot be commenced prior to certain legal formalities. Much more paperwork and recording requirements are observed.On conversion of a public limited company into private limited company, much legal formalities are involved.The accounts of a public limited company should be publish and dispatched to the shareholders at their registered addresses.Question What are the roles of manager and affair of fretting of directorAnswer 2Duties of care and dexterityIn contrast with the across-the-board duties of good faith, which largely restrict certain acts conflicting with the directors duty to his company, a director has duties of care and skill which are positive side to promote the welfare of the company. (Charles worth, international Morse code (1998)(a) The test of skillThe traditional test has been...It whitethorn be more difficult to raise expectant for a private limited company, as investors may be more comfortable investing funds in the better-understood corpor ate form with a view toward an eventual initial public offering.Raising funds from public by means of issuance of share capital. It is much easier for a public company to raise its capital than a private limited company, since investors are more comfortable in investing funds in the better-understood corporate form with a view towards an eventual initial public offering.Transferability of shares in the stock exchange. Stocks and shares of a public limited company can be easily traded in the stock exchange and can be converted into cash on the fair market value of shares.Ease in borrowing funds from banks and financial institutions. Due to its better-understood corporate form and credibility of financial disclosures, banks and financial institutions can offer funds rather easily than a private limited company.In contrast with the extensive duties of good faith, which largely restrict certain acts conflicting with the directors duty to his company, a director has duties of care and sk ill which are positive side to promote the welfare of the company. (Charles worth, Morse (1998)The traditional test has been that a director need not display in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience.

HUMAN RESOURCES(MANAGEMENT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

world RESOURCES(MANAGEMENT) - Essay ExampleAfter World War II, it indicates that many governments adopt a more quick role in regard to employment dealings (Bamber et al. 2004 p 12).Bain and Clegg (1974) as easy as Clegg (1976) state that dissimilarity in the dimensions of collective bargaining in various countries is the most consequential element in the shaping of league behaviour. This might represent a hypothesis of trade union behaviour regarding collective bargaining however Clegg does non consider it a complete theory of trade unionism, because theory does not clarify the political actions of trade union. Even if the theory was comprehensive enough, it would not still not be considered as of theory of industrial relations. The dimensions of collective bargaining for Clegg argon mostly affected by the structure as salutary as attitudes of employers relations and management. State fight through legislation might also be a dominant influence if it takes place at an amply early stage during the development of collective bargaining. If it was a comprehensive theory of industrial relations it would take these factors into consideration as thoroughly.Hyman (1994) supports Cleggs analysis of union behaviour, mainly due to the fact that the theory fails to draw and quarter the changes that take place in the trade union density and strike behaviour in the hobby years. He emphasizes on impact of factors of political-economic like global competition that is intensified, the capital and employment restructuring, as well as the fall of Keynesianism in a country. He states that, as national institutional arrangements surely helper in shaping the effect of these forces on industrial relations, he supports Shalev (1980) notion that the organization of industrial relations ought to still occupy no more than the position of variables that argon dominant in theories which are comparative in nature. A strong theory must emphasize on political economy. However w e are left with no comprehensive account of national differences. Institutions can be known as symptoms , and not as causes, with differentiation in institutions among countries being mainly manifestation of the power distribution as well as the results of conflicts among different parties when these institutions start functioning (Shalev 1998 p.248).Institutions also replicate partys collective strategic choices, as well as the choice of unions along with labour movements to follow a path which is political in nature. concord to Poole (1984 1986 1993) the differences that are found in industrial relations institutions as well as practice in diverse countries have a strong foundation in the strategic choices of different parties to that of the employment birth (Kochan, Katz and McKersie, 1984 p16). These parties are basically social actors who form the arrangements of the institutions in which they function. The

Approcah to Care - Breast Cancer Research Paper

Approcah to C atomic number 18 - Breast Cancer - look for Paper ExampleEtiology of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the most common agreeable of cancer that is prevalent among women in U.S. It is estimated that about 192,000 new cases of disparager cancer are found in U.S. alone each year. Substantial clinical evidence suggests that hormones play a critical role in the etiology of various cancers and dumbbell cancer is one of them. Estrogen is the chief stimulant in proliferation of white meat cells. The presence of progesterone accelerates proliferation rate further. This is evident from the fact that during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the teat mitotic military action is noticed at its peak (Henderson et al 2002). Clinical Manifestation of Breast Cancer They can be described as per the followers. 1. Lump formation or thickening on breasts 2. Peeling, flaking or scaling of the breast skin or nipple 3. Bloody discharge from the nipple 4. Redness of the skin over bre ast 5. Change in shape and size of a breast (Mayo Clinic 2012). Diagnosis and Staging When cancer is detect in the breast, a doctor proceeds to find the stage of the disease. It usually starts with a physical tryout by a nurse or doctor. Ultrasound and mammography are crucial in diagnosis of breast cancer. The findings of these tests are further confirmed through a tissue biopsy. Mammography is done by taking roentgen ray of the breast. Ultrasonography is done to ascertain whether a lump is filled with fluid or it is a unscathed lump. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) takes several images of the breast to find lesions usually not detectable through ultrasound or mammography. According to the American Cancer Society, breast MRI is advisable to the women who are in high-risk category. The advantage is that it is non-invasive and the person is not exposed to any radioactivity. Breast MRI is a new technology and can be used as an aid to other conventional symptomatic tests (Br east Cancer Diagnosis, 2012). Different stages in the breast cancer can be described as per the following (Stages of Breast Cancer, 2012). Stage I Stage I is bifurcated into two sub-stages as per the following. Stage IA This is a primary stage when the tumor has not spread outside the breast and it is have-to doe with to or little than 2 centimeters in size. Stage IB In this stage, tumor is not found in the breast save the cancer cells of the size between 0.2 and 2 millimeters are spy in the lymph nodes or when tumor is equal to or smaller than 2 centimeters along with small clusters of cancer cells (with the size between 0.2 and 2 millimeters) find in the lymph nodes. Stage II is bifurcated into two as per the following. Stage IIA No tumor is detected in the breast but cance

THE DEATH PENALTY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE DEATH PENALTY - rise ExampleAs abolition becomes an important issue around the world, advocates of the death penalty face an emerging battle as important international organizations such as the unify Nations and the European Union sire youthfully debated the validity of this particular form of punishment. Accordingly, the European Union, in its Charter of Fundamental Rights, has effectively illegalise this practice in all of its member states. Seeking to explore the death penalty by debate that it is an unnecessary form of retribution, this essay will persuasively argue against the death penalty in the United States. We will show that the potential for a miscarriage of justice is far too great to go out for the death penalty in the United States. Once applied, this particular form of punishment is unfortunately irreversible. As a result the death penalty must be contested (Death Penalty Information concenter 2009). According to the Death Penalty Information Centre, there h as been a global trend in recent times to the abolishment of the death penalty. Despite this trend, a handful of countries in the world which continue to use up the death penalty as a form of punishment and while 92 countries have promptly abolished the death penalty (including France, Canada and the United Kingdom), 59 countries worldwide continue to have death penalty lawmaking on their books. China, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Pakistan remain some of the largest supporters of the death penalty with China the overwhelming loss leader in total executions worldwide. Is the death penalty a deterrent? It is to this question that we now turn (Hood 3-10).

Business ethics homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business ethics homework - show ExampleAnother example would be child pornography. A community may have beardown(prenominal) moral beliefs against the practice, but allow it to continue because it brings financial gain to the community through its distribution. What be the 6 characteristic that distinguish moral standards? Explain each. The first considers injury or harm to others. Moral standards on prohibiting rape, murder, slander or assault fall under these standards. The second is that moral standards are not changed or imposed by authoritative sources, such(prenominal) as politicians dictating community moral policy. The third is that moral standards should be the preferred reasoning rather than self-gain. If self-interest does not abide by moral standards, it is morally incorrect. The 4th is the concept of impartial determinations. This means that it is wrong to steal even if the individual gains from the action and thus it mintnot be justified. The fifth is special emot ions, meaning there should be some presence of shame or iniquity if a moral code has been broken. The last characteristic is logical assessment of the problem, where there must be justifiable criteria used when making moral judgments, such as facts, evidence, or motive. What are the three elementary types of ethical issues? Give an example your own example of an ethical issue for each type. The three types of ethical issues are corporate, individual and systemic. Corporate ethics would deal with organizations hiring practices, whether adhering to non-discrimination in the recruitment and alternative process. Hiring an attractive woman over a less-attractive female would raise ethical questions about leadership or corporate policy. An example of individual ethics would be how a person applies moral codes to actual actions, such as a police officer accepting a cash payment in party favour of releasing an arrested citizen for criminal behavior. A systemic ethics example would in clude a politician cancelling polity for a patronage in favor of campaign contributions. What is Velasquezs conclusion about how moral obligations turn over to business organizations? Can companies be held morally responsible for what they do, or are the individuals who make up the confederation the ones we must hold responsible? Velasquez believes the same moral standards should be upheld with the business as they are to the individual. twain employees and the business need to be held to the same social codes of morality that apply to people outside of the business environment. Thus, yes, businesses can be held responsible for their morally reasoning and actions. As one example, the business must read policies that prevent harm to others. Neglecting this imperative holds the company morally responsible. If, however, immoral behavior occurs within the business, leaders can be excused from moral responsibility through the excusing condition where ignorance of the act can be ac complished or when inability to provide alternative moral reasoning are influenced by business environment. Workers are considered the moral and loyal agents to the business, thus they must rationalize decision-making against an accepted moral code. What is ethical relativism? What are the difficulties with the surmise? Explain each.

Helping Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Helping Others - Essay ExampleThis endure has led me to another volunteer opportunity and I presently volunteer at the community aged(a) citizens home where I am a valued member of the non-permanent staff.Global warm up is an planetary phenomenon with planet-wide repercussions. Although real controversial, with detractors arguing that globular warming does not exist and alarmist headlines warning us that the end of the planet is near, world(a) warming is an environmental phenomenon which has just recently received near-universal acceptance by the scientific community. Climate variety is a hot topic these days and has been a key issue all over the world. Critics of the global warming phenomenon argue that global warming is in fact not an environmental crisis but a manufactured issue artificially created for a variety of unsavory and politically-inspired reasons. Despite the shrinking number of detractors, global warming is a phenomenon which affects our planet every single day . Global warming and climate change atomic number 18 two terms which are often used interchangeably. Has a link between global warming and climate change been established? Yes, global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the effects of global warming include changes in atmospheric temperatures and rainfall, which can lead to climate change.Global warming is most generally described as an average increase in the terra firmas temperatures. Importantly, global warming is not only a present phenomenon but is perceived as something which is expected to continue and increase annually. Global warming is the reputed cause of climate change on an international scale leading to extreme weather, ranging from uncharacteristic snowfall in autumn to extremely mild wintertime temperatures, major changes to precipitation trends, glacial retreat, species extinction, desertification and a rise in sealevels.

An analysis of Information Security Governance in the Universities in Zimbabwe Essay Example for Free

An analysis of study certification political science in the Universities in Zimbabwe tasteAbstractThe complexity and criticality of info auspices and its judicature demand that it be elevated to the highest organisational levels. Within a university setup, teaching assets intromit student and personnel records, health and financial cultivation, research data, learn and learning materials and all restricted and unrestricted electronic subr discloseine library materials. hostage of these education assets is among the highest priorities in terms of danger and liabilities, assembly line continuity, and protection of university reputations.As a critical pick, entropy moldiness be toughened like all some other(a) asset inborn to the survival and success of the organization. In this paper the source is going to discuss the claim for implementing reading pledge administration within asylums of higher education.Further than that, a discussion on how to best practice learning gage governance within the universities in Zimbabwe followed by an assessment on how far the Zimbabwean universities have implemented homework Security ecesis. A gang of questionnaires and interviews is going to be used as a tool to gather data and nearly recomm rarityations be stated towards the end of the paper. IntroductionGovernance, as defined by the IT Governance Institute (2003), is the set of responsibilities and practices exercised by the dining table and executive instruction with the goal of providing strategic direction, ensuring that objectives argon achieved, ascertaining that lucks are managed portionly and verifying that the attempts resources are used responsibly. Information guarantor governance is the organization by which an organization directs and stamp downs entropy surety (adapted from ISO 38500).It specifies the accountability framework and provides oversight to figure that lay on the lines are equal to(predicate)ly mitiga ted as rise as ensuring that surety strategies are aligned with business and consistent with regulations. To exercise impelling enterprise and schooling credential governance, boards and senior executives moldiness have a clear understanding of what to expect from their enterprises tuition protective covering computer weapons platform.They need to know how to directthe implementation of an study certificate measures programme, how to evaluate their witness status with regard to an existing trade protection programme and how to decide the schema and objectives of an telling warranter programme (IT Governance Institute, 2006). Stakeholders are becoming more and more concerned about the teaching hostage as news of hacking, data theft and other attacks happen more frequently than ever dreamt of.Executive centering has been showered with the accountability of ensuring an organization provides users with secure information organisations environment. Information gag e is not only a adept issue, but a business and governance challenge that involves adequate lay on the line management, reporting and accountability. Effective aegis requires the active involvement of executives to assess emerging threats and the organizations response to them (Corporate Governance Task Force, 2004). furthermore the organizations need to protect themselves a make believest the risks inherent in the use of information systems while simultaneously recognizing the benefits that can go down from having secure information systems. Peter Drucker (1993) stated The diffusion of technology and the commodification of information transforms the role of information into a resource equal in importance to the traditionally serious resources of land, labor and capital.Thus as addiction on information system increases, the criticality of information protection department brings with it the need for effective information certification governance. Need for Information Securi ty Governance within universities. A key goal of information pledge department is to reduce adverse impacts on the organization to an bankable level of risk. Information security protects information assets against the risk of loss, operational discontinuity, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, in annoyibility and damage.It also protects against the ever-increasing potential for civil or legal liability that organizations reflexion as a take of information inaccuracy and loss, or the absence of due care in its protection. Information security covers all information puzzle outes, physical and electronic, regardless whether they involve people and technology or relationships with calling partners, customers and third parties. Information security addresses information protection, confidentiality, availability and integrity throughout the life cycle of the information and its use within the organization.John P. Pironti (2006) suggested that among many reasons for information securi tygovernance, the most important unitary is the one concerned with the legal liability, protection of the organizations reputation and regulatory respect. With the university setup, all members of the university community are obligated to respect and, in many cases, to protect confidential data. Medical records, student records, certain employment-related records, library use records, attorney-client communication theory, and certain research and other intellectual shoes-related records are, subject to special exceptions, confidential as a matter of law.Many other categories of records, including faculty and other personnel records, and records relating to the universitys business and finances are, as a matter of university policy, treated as confidential. Systems (hardware and software) designed primarily to store confidential records (such as the Financial Information System and Student Information System and all medical records systems) require enhanced security protections and are controlled (strategic) systems to which doorway is closely monitored. Networks provide companionship to records, information, and other networks and also require security protections.The use of university information technology assets in other than a manner and for the purpose of which they were intended represents a misallocation of resources and, possibly, a misdemeanour of law. To achieve all this in todays complex, interconnected world, information security mustiness be addressed at the highest levels of the organization, not regarded as a technical specialty relegated to the IT part. Information security is a top-down answer requiring a comprehensive security strategy that is explicitly linked to the organizations business offshootes and strategy.Security must address entire organizations processes, both physical and technical, from end to end. Hence, Information security governance requires senior management commitment, a security-aware culture, promotion of goo d security practices and compliance with policy. It is easier to buy a solution than to multifariousness a culture, but even the most secure system will not achieve a significant degree of security if used by ill-informed, untrained, imprudent or indifferent personnel (IT Governance Institute, 2006).In an interview the executive director and information security expert on IT Governance and cyber security with the IT Governance and Cyber Security Institute of sub-Saharan Africa, Dr Richard Gwashy Young has this to say remember inZimbabwe security is regarded as an expense not an investment (Rutsito, 2012). Benefits of Information Security Governance great information security governance generates significant benefits, including The Board of directors taking full responsibility for Information security initiatives Increased predictability and reduced uncertainty of business operations by lowering information security-related risks to determinable and refreshing levels Protection from the increasing potential for civil or legal liability as a result of information inaccuracy or the absence of due care.The structure and framework to optimize allocation of limited security resources Assurance of effective information security policy and policy compliance A quick foundation for efficient and effective risk management, process improvement, and rapid incident response related to securing information A level of assurance that critical decisions are not based on faulty information Accountability for safeguarding information during critical business activities.Compliances with local and international regulations will be easier Improved resource management, optimizing knowledge, information security and information technology infrastructure The benefits add significant value to the organization byImproving trust in customer/client relationshipsProtecting the organizations reputation diminish likelihood of violations of privacyProviding greater confidence when intera cting with trading partners Enabling new and better ways to process electronic transactions like publishing results online and online registration.Reducing operational prices by providing predictable outcomesmitigating risk factors that may interrupt the process The benefits of good information security are not just a reduction in risk or a reduction in the impact should something go wrong. Good security can improve reputation, confidence and trust from others with whom business is conducted, and can even improve force by avoiding wasted time and effort recovering from a security incident (IT Governance Institute, 2004). Information Security Governance OutcomesFive basic outcomes can be expected to result from developing an effectivegovernance approach to information security Strategic alignment of information security with institutional objectives diminution of risk and potential business impacts to an acceptable level set delivery through the optimization of security investme nts with institutional objectives Efficient utilization of security investments supporting organization objectives Performance measurement and supervise to check that objectives are metBest practicesThe National crosstie of Corporate Directors (2001), recognizes the importance of information security and recommends four essential practices for boards of directors. The four practices, which are based on the practicalities of how boards operate, are Place information security on the boards agenda.Identify information security leaders, hold them accountable and ensure support for them. Ensure the effectualness of the corporations information security policy through review and approval. Assign information security to a key committee and ensure adequate support for that committee. It is critical that management ensure that adequate resources are allocated to support the overall enterprise information security strategy (IT Governance Institute, 2006).To achieve effective information s ecurity governance, management must establish and maintain a framework to guide the reading and maintenance of a comprehensive information security programme. According to Horton, et al (2000), an information security governance framework generally consists of An information security risk management methodologyA comprehensive security strategy explicitly linked with business and IT objectives An effective security organizational structureA security strategy that talks about the value of information both saved and delivered Security policies that address each aspect of strategy, control and regulation A complete set of security standards for each policy to ensure that procedures and guidelines comply with policy Institutionalized monitoring processes to ensure compliance and provide feedback on forte and extenuation of risk A process to ensurecontinued evaluation and update of security policies, standards, procedures and risks.This kind of framework, in turn, provides the basis fo r the development of a cost-effective information security program me that supports an organizations goals and provides an acceptable level of predictability for operations by limiting the impacts of adverse events. In his article Kaitano (2010), pointed some characteristics of good corporate governance coupled with good security governance.These include and not limited to Information security creation treated as and organization wide issue and leaders are accountable. Leads to viable Governance, Risk and Compliance(GRC) Milestones It is risk-based and focuses on all aspects of securityProper frameworks and programs have been implementedIt is not treated as a cost but a way of doing businessRoles, responsibilities and segregation of duties are defined It is addressed and enforced by policyAdequate resources are committed and Staff are aware and trained It is planned, managed, measurable and calculatedIt is reviewed and auditedThe overall objective of the programme is to provide a ssurance that information assets are protected in ossification with their value or the risk their compromise poses to an organization. The framework generates a set of activities that supports fulfillment of this objective. Principles for information security within the UniversityIn their article titled Information Security Policy Best Practice Document, Hostland et al (2010) pointed out some guiding principles for information security within a university setup. The following are some of the principles they mentioned 1. Risk assessment and managementThe universitys approach to security should be based on risk assessments and should be continuously done and the need for protective measures evaluated. Measures must be evaluated based on the universitys role as an establishment for education and research and with regards to efficiency, cost and practical feasibility. An overall risk assessment of theinformation systems should be performed annually. Risk assessments must identify, quan tify and prioritize the risks harmonise to germane(predicate) criteria for acceptable risks.Risk assessments should be carried out when implementing changes impacting information security. Some recognized methods of assessing risks like ISO/IEC 27005 should be employed. Risk management is to be carried out gibe to criteria approved by the management at University. Risk assessments must be approved by the management and if a risk assessment reveals unacceptable risks, measures must be implemented to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. 2. Information security policyThe Vice Chancellor should ensure that the information security policy, as well as guidelines and standards, are utilized and acted upon. He must also ensure the availability of sufficient training and information material for all users, in order to enable the users to protect the universitys data and information systems.The security policy should be reviewed and updated annually or when necessary, in accordance with principles described in ISO/IEC 27001. However, all important changes to universitys activities, and other external changes related to the threat level, should result in a revision of the policy and the guidelines relevant to the information security. 3. Security organizationThe Vice Chancellor is responsible for all government contact. The university should appoint CSO (Chief Security Officer). Each department and section should also be responsible for implementing the units information security. The managers of each unit must appoint separate security administrators. The fipple flute Academics has the primary coil responsibility for the information security in tie-in with the student registry and other student related information.The IT Director has executive responsibility for information security in connection with IT systems and infrastructure. The Operations manager has executive responsibility for information security in connection with structural infrastructure. He also h as overall responsibility for quality work, while the operational responsibility is delegated concord to the management structure.The Registrar Human Resources also has executive responsibility for information security according to the in the flesh(predicate) Data Act and is the controller on a daily basis of the personal information of theemployees. The Registrar Academics and Research Administration have also executive responsibility for research related personal information. Universitys information security should be revised on a fix basis, through internal control and at need, with assistance from an external IT auditor. 4. Information security in connection with users of Universitys services Prior to employment security responsibility and roles for employees and contractors should be described.A stage setting check is should also be carried out of all appointees to positions at the university according to relevant laws and regulations. A confidentiality agreement should be signed by employees, contractors or others who may gain access to spiritualist and/or internal information. IT regulations should be accepted for all employment contracts and for system access for third parties. During employment, the IT regulations for the universitys information security requirements should be in place and the users responsibility for complying with these regulations is to be emphasized.The IT regulations should be reviewed on a regular basis with all users and with all new hires. All employees and third party users should receive adequate training and modify regarding the Information security policy and procedures. Breaches of the Information security policy and accompanying guidelines will normally result in sanctions. Universitys information, information systems and other assets should only be utilized for their intended purpose. Necessary private usage is permitted. Private IT equipment in the universitys infrastructure may only be connected where explicitly permitted. All other use must be approved in advance by the IT department.On termination or change of employment, the responsibility for termination or change of employment should be clearly defined in a separate routine with relevant circulation forms. The universitys assets should be handed in at the conclusion of the need for the use of these assets. University should change or terminate access rights at termination or change of employment. A routine should be present for handling alumni relationships. Notification on employment termination or change should be carried out through the procedures defined in the personnel system. 5. Information security regarding physical conditionsIT equipment and information that require protection should be placed in secure physical areas. Secure areas should have desirable access control toensure that only authorized personnel have access. All of the Universitys buildings should be secured according to their classification by using adequate se curity systems, including suitable tracking/logging. Security managers for the various areas of responsibility should ensure that work performed by third parties in secure zones is suitably monitored and documented.All external doors and windows must be closed and put to sleeped at the end of the work day. On securing equipment, IT equipment which is very essential for daily activities must be protected against environmental threats (fires, flooding, temperature variations). Information classified as sensitive must not be stored on takeout computer equipment (e.g. laptops, cell phones, memory sticks). If it is necessary to store this information on portable equipment, the information must be tidings protected and encrypted in compliance with guidelines from the IT department.During travel, portable computer equipment should be treated as carry-on luggage. Fire drills should also be carried out on a regular basis. 6. IT communications and operations managementPurchase and installa tion of IT equipment and software for IT equipment must be approved by the IT department. The IT department should ensure documentation of the IT systems according to universitys standards. Changes in IT systems should only be implemented if well-founded from a business and security standpoint. The IT department should have emergency procedures in order to minimize the effect of unsuccessful changes to the IT systems. usable procedures should be documented and the documentation must be updated following all substantial changes. Before a new IT system is put in production, plans and risk assessments should be in place to avoid errors. Additionally, routines for monitoring and managing unforeseen problems should be in place. Duties and responsibilities should be separated in a manner reducing the misfortune of unauthorized or unforeseen abuse of the universitys assets.Development, testing and maintenance should be separated from operations in order to reduce the risk of unauthorized access or changes, and in order to reduce the risk of error conditions. On system planning and acceptance, the requirements for information security must be taken into precondition when designing, testing, implementing and upgrading IT systems, as well as during system changes. Routines must be developed forchange management and system development/maintenance.IT systems must be dimensioned according to capacity requirements and the load should be monitored in order to maintain upgrades and adjustments in a timely manner as it is especially important for business-critical systems. Written guidelines for access control and passwords based on business and security requirements should be in place.Guidelines should be re-evaluated on a regular basis and should contain password requirements (frequency of change, minimum length, character types which may/must be utilized) and regulate password storage. All users accessing systems must be authenticated according to guidelines and should h ave unique combinations of usernames and passwords. Users are responsible for any usage of their usernames and passwords. Data GatheringA structured questionnaire adapted and modified from previous questionnaires used by Corporate Governance Task Force, (2004) was used as the main instrument to gather data. Of the check 13 universities in Zimbabwe, 9 managed to participate in this research. The questionnaires were completed by the Executive Dean, IT Director, Operations Manager or Chairperson for the department. Section I Organizational Reliance on ITThe first section was designed to swear out in determining the institutions reliance on information technology for business continuity. tabularise 1 Characteristics of OrganizationQuestionsScores/Frequency01234dependence on information technology systems and the Internet to conduct academic, research, and outreach programs and offer support services9Value of organizations intellectual property stored or transmitted inelectronic form2 7The sensitivity of stakeholders (including but not limited to students, faculty, staff, alumni, governing boards, legislators, donors, and funding agencies) to privacy234Level of regulation regarding security (international, federal, state, or local regulations) 1431Does your organization have academic or research programs in a sensitive area that may make you a target of violent physical or cyber attack from any groups?5121Total score196722 advance very Low = 0 Low = 1 Medium = 2 High = 3 Very High = 4 Section II Risk concernThis section assesses the risk management process as it relates to creating an information security strategy and program. display panel 2 Information SecurityRisk sagaciousnessQuestionsScores/Frequency01234Does your organization have a documented information security program?252Has your organization conducted a risk assessment to identify the key objectives that need to be supported by your information security program?243Has your organization identified c ritical assets and the utilisations that rely on them?225Have the information security threats and vulnerabilities associated with each of the critical assets and croaks been identified?2421Has a cost been assigned to the loss of each critical asset or function?1332Do you have a written information security strategy?2421Does your written information security strategy include plans that seek to cost-effectively reduce the risks to an acceptable level, with minimal disruptions to operations? 4221Is the strategy reviewed and updated at least annually or more frequently when significant changes require it? 2331Do you have a process in place to monitor federal, state, or international legislation or regulations and determine their applicability to your organization? 22321Total1016261416Scoring Not apply = 0 Planning Stages = 1 Partially utilise = 2 Close to Completion = 3 in full Implemented = 4 Section III PeopleThis section assesses the organizational aspects of the information se curity program. evade 3 Information Security Function/OrganizationQuestionsScores/Frequency01234Do you have a person that has information security as his primary duty, with responsibility for maintaining the security program and ensuring compliance? 4311Do the leaders and staff of your information security organization have the necessary experience and qualifications? 522Is responsibility clearly assigned for all areas of the information security architecture, compliance, processes and audits? 3411Do you have an ongoing training program in place to build skills and competencies for information security for members of the information security function? 2232Does the information security function report regularly to institutional leaders and the governing board on the compliance of the institution to and the effectiveness of the information security program and policies? 2331Are the senior officers of the institution ultimately responsible and accountable for the information security program, including approval of information security policies?342Total16171470Scoring Not Implemented = 0 Planning Stages = 1 Partially Implemented = 2 Close to Completion = 3 in full Implemented = 4 Section IV ProcessesThis section assesses the processes that should be part of an information security program. Table IV Security Technology StrategyQuestionsScores/Frequency01234Have you instituted processes and procedures for involving the security personnel in evaluating and addressing any security impacts before the purchase or introduction of new systems? 2331Do you have a process to appropriately evaluate and classify the information and information assets that support the operations and assets under your control, to indicate the appropriate levels of information security? 12321Are written information security policies consistent, easy to understand, and readily available to administrators, faculty, employees, students, contractors, and partners? 2331Are consequences for disobedie nce with corporate policies clearly communicated and enforced? 13231Do your security policies effectively address the risks identified in your risk analysis/risk assessments? 234Are information security issues considered in all important decisions within the organization? 3231Do you constantly monitor in real time your networks, systems and applications for unauthorized access and anomalous behavior such as viruses, malicious code insertion, or break-in attempts? 13311Is sensitive data encrypted and associated encryption keys properly protected? 23211Do you have an authorization system that enforces time limits and defaults to minimum privileges?2223Do your systems and applications enforce session/user management practices including automatic timeouts, lock out on login failure, and revocation?2322Based on your information security risk management strategy, do you haveofficial written information security policies or procedures that address each of the following areas?Individual emp loyee responsibilities for information security practices4311Acceptable use of computers, e-mail, Internet, and intranet2322Protection of organizational assets, including intellectual property2232Access control, authentication, and authorization practices and requirements 12312Information sharing, including storing and transmitting institutional data on outside resources (ISPs, external networks, contractors systems) 21321Disaster recovery contingency planning (business continuity planning)1134Change management processes2322Physical security and personnel clearances or background checks1332Data backups and secure off-site storage1134Secure disposal of data, old media, or printed materials that contains sensitive information234For your critical data centers, programming rooms, network operations centers, and other sensitive facilities or locations234Are multiple physical security measures in place to restrict forced orunauthorized entry?1233Is there a process for issuing keys, codes, and/or cards that require proper authorization and background checks for access to these sensitive facilities?2133Is your critical hardware and wiring protected from power loss, tampering, failure, and environmental threats?144Total1745585047Scoring Not Implemented = 0 Planning Stages = 1 Partially Implemented = 2 Close to Completion = 3 Fully Implemented = 4 DiscussionAs shown by the total scores on Table 1, a majority of the university has a very high reliance on the IT in their services. This is depicted by the structure and characteristics of the university. Information risk assessment and management leaves a view to be desired by the universities. Most the universities have partially implemented such programs.A gravid number of employees in the IT departments of most universities do no have sufficient skills to implement good information security governance. Most universities lack the leaders who have the rightful know how on the subject. In sumto that, there is no a repres entative in the council who will be an IT expert, hence most leaders lack interest and initiatives on information security.Due to lack of full responsibility of information security by the leaders, to implement processes for information security might also be a challenge especially to the IT department as normally is the department given the responsibility. ConclusionThere is a need for institutions to convey focusing on proper information security governance.For a start organization such as the Government, the Computer Society of Zimbabwe, Zim Law Society, POTRAZ, ICAZ, IIAZ, Zimbabwe Institute of Management and other industry governing bodies should put their heads unneurotic and define the appropriate legislations that mandates information security governance either by referring to existing international frameworks (PCI-DSS, SOX, COSO, ITIL, SABSA, Cobit FIPS, NIST, ISO 27002/5, CMM, ITG Governance Framework) or by consulting local information security and business professional s to come up with an information security governance framework.As the Zimbabwean economy is slowly sprouting, the art of information security governance in the universities should also take a leap. The adoption information security governance will ensure that security will become a part of any university and thus customers confidence will be boosted.ReferencesDrucker, P. Management Challenges for the 21st Century, Harpers Business , 1993. Corporate Governance Task Force, Information Security Governance label to Action, USA, 2004. IT Governance Institute, Board Briefing on IT Governance, 2nd Edition, USA, 2003, www.itgi.org. IT Governance Institute, Information Security Governance charge for Boards of Directors and Executive Management, 2nd Edition, USA, 2006. ISO/IEC 38500 Corporate Governance of Information Technology, 2008. IT Governance Institute, COBIT 4.0, USA, 2005, www.itgi.orgIT Governance Institute, COBIT Security Baseline, USA, 2004, www.itgi.org National Association of Corporate Directors, Information Security Oversight Essential Board Practices, USA, 2001 John P. Pironti,Information Security Governance Motivations, Benefits and Outcomes, Information Systems Control Journal, vol. 4 (2006) 458. 21. Rutsito, T. (2005) IT governance, security define new era The Herald, 07 November. Kaitano, F. (2010) Information Security Governance Missing Link In Corporate Governance TechZim. http//www.techzim.co.zw/2010/05/information-security-governance-missing-link-in-corporate-governance accessed 02 May 2013.Horton, T.R., Le Grand, C.H., Murray, W.H., Ozier, W.J. Parker, D.B. (2000). Information Security Management and Assurance A Call to Action for Corporate Governance. United States of America The Institute of versed Auditors. Hostland, K, Enstad, A. P, Eilertsen, O, Boe, G. (2010). Information Security Policy Best Practice Document. Corporate Governance Task Force, (2004). Information Security Governance Call to Action, USA

Slavery and Mason Dixon Line Essay Example for Free

thralldom and Mason Dixon Line EssayWomen and African American slaves played a huge role during the American Revolution, womens roles became to a greater extent valued for their aid in the revolution and were under the idea of Republican motherhood or mothers for the bran-new nation, while african american slaves were used for harsh valetual labor and received little in return. Women began to have ideas of the revolution rock hopes and expectations for equality and independence. In some cases they even gained voting rights, however overall the revolution only go through to a limited gain of status. The same could be said of the slaves. Although the slave trade itself was banned and in the northern states, thraldom was abolished, it did not comp allowely remove slavery and make them considered as a trustworthy person. Nonetheless, the ideals of the revolution inspired women and slaves for equality, freedom and independence that would contri preciselye in the future. The A merican Revolution significantly affected aspects of slaves and the status of women. It provided slaves with an opportunity to escape their bondage through joining the army, while it gave women an opportunity to proclaim a more public role in society.The American Revolution had an impact on both slavery and the status of women from 1775-1800. It gave the African American slaves opportunities to Escape the bondage and join the army. It significantly affected the legal go under of white women. Revolutions within the Revolution took place causing vivid changes in the aspects of women and slavery. It gave a new get out to the women who had been looked d own on and hope for slaveries who helped fight the cause. African American Slaves who had only the slightest chance to obtaining their own freedom had a new hope that the army would direct them to that path. Nevertheless there were no intentions of giving new privileges to these slaves in the army. They were to be nothing more than ex tra support against the British with little value. African-American slaves hush up had the same treatment as those who were in bondage. However, the slaves believed that since they were fighting for the white people they would be given more freedom. With a few exceptions this did not happen.African-American soldiers did enjoy the few things white people took for granted but other than that they only continued to serve as a slave. Some slaves managed to escape the during the confusion and madhouse of the war andact as a freed slave without being caught and some went out to help others. Slavery continued after the war despite the efforts of African-American soldiers. Although slavery didnt undergo any major changes the event of the war inspired numerous criticisms on slavery. A group called the Quakers formed to help free a small percentage of slaves. Much like slavery, white women were affected by the revolution. They were beginning to proclaim a public role in society. They were given a wide range of roles to further their independence in the war. Women were able to help support the cause which they played an important role in. This affected the relations amidst man and woman to a more bonded level. A woman was not only a married woman and a mother but a mutual companion. Both Slavery and the status of women were in the offshoot stages of gaining independence and liberty.Before the American Revolution African Americans had NO chance of freedom. They were being shipped as slaves on the triangle trade route , but after the revolution the question was discussed of abolishing slavery in the inbuilt convention and the writing of the declaration of independence. Do to the fact that it was such a touchy issue for the south, imputable to the large economic impact of abolishing slavery, the question was thrown out and a treaty was signed that wouldnt let ANY laws on slavery be passed or even discussed for at lease 20 years. Moreover, some(prenominal) of the Am erican Revolutionary Generals were slave owners in the first place and were reluctant to give up their own personal wealth.The effect of the American Revolutionary War on African Americans depended on where they lived. If they were slaves in the raw(a) England States, they were freed soon after the war ended. If they were slaves north of the Mason Dixon Line, they were freed about 30 years after the borrowing of the constitution. If they were south of the Mason Dixon Line, some were freed but most were not.Slavery was also outlawed on mainland Britain- no man could land on British soil without being free. The British had promised many African-Americans their freedom from the colonists if they fought for the British, and around 20,000 of them did. When the British lost, they attempted to honor their agreement as much as possible by helping African-Americans function to England and London with the retreating redcoats.Some were even put ashore in Africa at their own request. Therefo re many African-Americans clearly felt that their chances of freedom were better with the Brits.

Roles of an Hr Manager Essay Example for Free

Roles of an Hr Manager EssayThe administrative roles of human resourcefulness management allow policy formulation and implementation, housekeeping, expresss maintenance, well-being administration, legal compliance etc.i. Policy maker The human resource manager helps management in the formation of policies governing gift acquisition and retention, wage and salary administration, welf atomic number 18 activities, personnel records, working conditions etc. He as well as helps in interpreting personnel policies in an distract manner.ii. Administrative expert The administrative role of an HR manager is heavily oriented to processing and record keeping. Maintaining employee files, and HR related databases, processing employee benefit claims, answering queries regarding leave, transport and medical facilities, submitting required reports to regulatory agencies argon examples of the administrative nature of HR management. These activities must be performed efficiently and effecti vely to meet changing requirements of employees, customers and the government.iii. consultant It is said that personnel management is not a line responsibility but a lag function. The personnel manager performs his functions by advising, suggesting, counseling and helping the line managers in discharging their responsibilities relating to grievance redressal, conflict resolution, employee infusion and learning. Personnel advice includes preparation of reports, communication of guidelines for the interpretation and implementation of policies, providing information regarding labor laws etc.iv. Housekeeper The administrative roles of a personnel manager in managing the show include recruiting, pre-employment testing, reference checking, employee surveys, time keeping, wage and salary administration, benefits and award administration, wellness programmes, maintenance of records etc.v. Counselor The personnel manager discusses various problems of the employees relating to work, loc omote, their supervisors, colleagues, health, family, financial, social, etc. and advises them on minimizing and overcoming problems, if any.vi. public assistance officer Personnel manager is expected to be the benefit Officer of the federation. As a Welfare officer he provides and maintains (on behalf of the company) canteens, hospitals, creches, educational institutes, clubs, libraries, conveyance facilities, co-operative credit societies and consumer stores. Under the Factories Act, Welfare officers are expected to backpack care of safety, health and welfare of employees. The HR managers are often asked to oversee if everything is in line with the company legislation and stipulation.vii. Legal consultant Personnel manager plays a role of grievance discussion, settling of disputes, handling disciplinary strips, doing collective bargaining, enabling the process of joint consultation, interpretation and implementation of various labor laws, contacting lawyers regarding motor hotel cases, filing suits in labor courts, industrial tribunals, civil courts and the like.In some organizations, the above administrative functions are being outsourced to external providers in recent times, with a view to increasing efficiency as also cutting operational costs. Technology is being put to good use to automate many of the administrative tasks.Operational RolesThese roles are tactical in nature and include recruiting, training and developing employees coordinating HR activities with the actions of managers and supervisors throughout the organization and resolving differences among employees.i. Recruiter Winning the war for talent has become an important farm out of HRmanagers in recent times in view of the growing competition for people possessing undeniable k nowadaysledge, skills and experience. HR managers take a crap to use their experience to good effect while laying down salaried career paths to new recruits without, increasing the financial burden to the company.ii. Trainer developer, motivator Apart from talent acquisition, talent retention is also important. To this end, HR managers have to find skill deficiencies from time to time, offer meaningful training opportunities, and bring out the latent potential of people through intrinsic and extrinsic rewards which are cute by employees.iii. Coordinator/linking pin The HR manager is often deputed to act as a linking pin between various divisions/departments of an organization. The whole exercise is meant to develop rapport with divisional heads, using PR and communication skills of HR executives to the maximum possible extent.iv. Mediator The personnel manager acts as a mediator in case of friction between two employees, groups of employees, superiors and subordinates and employees and management with the sole objective of maintaining industrial harmony.v. Employee champion HR managers have traditionally been viewed as company morale officers or employee advocates. Liberalisation, p rivatisation and internationalization pressures have changed the situation dramatically HR professionals have had to move closer to the hearts of employees in their own self interest. To deliver results they are now seriously preoccupied withl Placing people on the right job.l Charting a suitable career path for each employee.l Rewarding creditable performance.l Resolving differences between employees and groups smoothly. l Adopting family-friendly policies.l Ensuring fair and equitable treatment to all people regardless of their background. l Striking a knowing balance between the employeespersonal/professional as also the larger systemal needs. l Representing workers issues, problems and concerns to the management in order to deliver effective results HR managers have to treat their employees as valuable assets. Such an access code helps to ensure that HR practices and principles are in sync with the organisations overall strategy. It forces the organisation to couch in its b est employees and ensure that performance standards are not compromised.Strategic RolesAn organisations achievement increasingly depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities of its employees, particularly as they help establish a set of core competencies (activities that the unswerving performs especially well when compared to its competitors and through which the firm adds value to its goods and services over a long spot of time, e.g. ONGC s oil exploration capabilities and Dells ability to deliver low cost, high-quality computers at an amazing speed) that distinguish an organisation from its competitors.When employees talents are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate and organised, a firm can achieve sustained competitive avail through its people. The strategic role of HR management focuses attention on how to enable ordinary employees to relinquish out extraordinary performance, taking care of their ever-changing expectations.The key areas of attention in this era of global competition include effective management of key Resources (employees, technology, work processes), while delivering cost effective, valueenhancing solution.

Juvenile Deliquency Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Deliquency EssayHow does late delinquenct affects an private education The investigator has discovered that modern delinquency effects on individual education in many ways majority of the respondents said that criminal record viewed possessed by a new-fashioned delinquent is viewed negatively when applying for a job or trying to go overseas because of delinquent activities the jejune the juvenile caught doing by the law. Failure to achieve set goal is cause by juvenile concealing away from nurture to do delinquent activities. A nonher factor is that juvenile could be expel from school because of pay backting into fights, stealing and having arguments with teacher. When applying for a job is also another factor which juvenile delinquency may affects an individuals education due to the fact that the juvenile as expel from school and didnt get subject needed to qualify for the job.Common causese of juvenile delinquencyHaving concluded on the deemed grow of juven ile delinquency the resident believed that poverty mostly causes juvenile delinquency in community x. This is because most parents in this community are unemployed and cannot feed their children, so out of hunger these children will go of the out way to do delinquent things just to have a meal. Neglect also causes juvenile delinquency reason being is that any juvenile needs love and attention. If a child is not getting attention they needs due to the fact that he/she is living in a individual(a) parent family, the child will seeks the easiest and quickest way to get attention. Thus this child might get attention from someone who is delinquent and this person might motivate the juvenile to do negative act, this was verbalize by the resident. Peer pressure was also indicated as a cause by the resident this is because every child do what they are motivated to do or what they see their peer is doing and things its good. A subaltern amount of the respondents agrees that physical and mental is a cause. They said that every juvenile who is being abuse hightail it to react negatively to person in the society and have an hatred in their heart who tries to be nice to them.Effective ways to squeeze juvenile delinquencyThere are many efficient ways which could be used to reduce juveniledelinquency. A large percentage of the stated that juvenile needs more access to information because if they get more information the juvenile will fuck the penalties which they have to face after committing the delinquent act. Introducing more guidance is also another way to reduce juvenile delinquency because if the juvenile is guided in the right path they will not swan from it. Having seminar will help delinquent persons to learn certain values and attitude, and that if being delinquent they will barely be poor contributors to the society. Parenting skill seminars will also help reduce juvenile delinquency because parent attends the seminars would be thought certain things li ke they must not be neglect full to their children which may leads to juvenile seeking attention and find it at the wrong place.

Occupation decision Essay Example for Free

Occupation decision EssayMy decision to enter health check aim started after my grandfather suffered a heart attack at the age of 20. Although this incident hurt me real much because of the medical staff inability to save his life disappointed me. After the grieving put to unravel was complete I began to consider a career in the healthcare industry. My initial step toward go in a career in the healthcare industry was to shadow a cardiologist which I believed would fork out me an opportunity for me to adopt what a life as a healthcare provider would be like. in one case I decided that I would like to pursue a career in medicine I enrolled in college and currently completing a bachelors of science in Biology. I found the healthcare business to be exciting and realized that it afforded me the opportunity to help the sick and injured which I believe I go away enjoy and have a talent for. My experience working for the cardiologist affords me the opportunity to learn basic he althcare skills such(prenominal) as obtaining vital signs.Record keeping is an important part of managing a practice and my experience of tracking records has afforded me the opportunity to demonstrate this important skill. My ultimate goal is to complete medical school, a residency and then pursue a fellowship in either cardiology or neurology. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the goals I have is to help prevent people form suffering an untimely death such as my grandfather by seeking to provide optimal care to prevent the consequences of poor health.I believe that the desire to help people created by my grandfathers untimely death will help me provide competent and compassionate care. These traits will be advantageous to MUA because of the positive public exposure perception it will create. My undergraduate instructors and the cardiologist that I have followed I hope to someday mock up that inspirational behavior. Although I do not have many academic credentials currently unle ss my desire to help people who are sick and injured. I am finishing my last semester with a bachelor of science in biology.This background in biology has provided me with the basic scientific knowledge which has certain a strong foundation for me to build upon with the courses to follow. I am of reputable use which is an important character trait because of the high level of trust needed between a physician and provider. The office work and shadowing I completed prior to my enrollment in college has provided me a unfettered glimpse of the struggles and benefits of pursing a career in healthcare. I believe that because of the reasons I listed I would be an excellent candidate for portal to your program. .

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay Example for Free

Factors Making petty(a) Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters EssayThere is no single definition or news report of a misadventure, as a matter of fact in this modern age of science and engineering wholeness could predict the time and place and estimate the damage when a disaster would hit a certain area however only an estimate could be made ab forbidden the outcome of the awe-inspiring upshot still whole the disasters could non be forecasted.This prediction also has difference in printing when it comes to interpret the disaster economists may measure it by calculating the loss of assets, health workers might conference of diseases that might spread after the event, political clear might be setting institutions to deal with the event and social view might involve the effects on the society. Pakistan has been at risk to many ingrained and manmade disasters in the past. History states various events when cyclones, flooding, drought, landslides and earth quakes have hit the country. The country is also believed to be one of the most flood prone terrains in South Asia.The floods of 1950, 1992 and 1998 and 2011 have taken various lives and made unadulterated damage to property and assets. Pakistan is also located at seismically active zone making the area open to extreme consequences. This vulnerability was proven on October 2005 when an earthquake measuring 7. 6 on the rector subdue had hit 9 districts in Kheyber Pakhtunkhuwa and Azad Jammu Kashmir killing over 72,000 people and destroying over 4,00,000 houses. Pakistan being an agriculture ground country also has fear of droughts. The droughts of 2002 had cost an estimated gist of 2. 5 billion $.Pakistan does not have a lot of reported cyclone hit incidents to stat yet till now roughly fourteen cyclones have been record since 1971-2012 which also had damages in a notable amount. When a disaster strikes some area it does not spare any in its way but the most prone and realize d people are the ones who belong to smallish communities. Their segregation and exclusion in to small communities might be due to the counterfeit and holistic systems present in our social circles bases on ethnic, religious or class based determine in the current society. Further on these segregated segments are marked as poor or minorities.However these small communities are most vulnerable when a disaster strikes. The level of their vulnerability increases in the post disaster scenario. There are many factors behind the vulnerability which have horrific outcomes for these small communities as a result. I would like to discuss on a few factors which in my view point are the important factors and causes of the increased vulnerability of these small communities. Poverty is one of the most original causes which results in increased level of vulnerability of small communities. Their wishing of access to resources top offs to the lack of capacity in dealing with a disaster.An esti mate made in 2005 states that around 22. 6% of the total population lives at a lower place the poverty line in the country, further on 40% of the total urban population lives in slums. The economic situation in the country is not very stable and due to this inflation is widespread in the country leading to income volatility. In circumstances where poverty is present in the society at such a high scale, it gets difficult to make ends meet, copeing against a disaster is a headway that does not even comes in to the context. Poor construction practices also result in the increase in the vulnerability of the small communities.Due to poverty still in many villages people build their houses out of mud. This is not a strong structure. At the time of a disastrous event such structures chamberpot prove not to be very resistant. Similarly in urban areas as mentioned above a large number of people live in slums which are again not a very resilient structure in case of disasters. There ar e no proper code and conducts devised by the government authorities to tackle with this issue. Such conditions increase the vulnerability of the small groups present in Pakistan. derelict early warning system is a problem present in many developing countries.Pakistan being a developing country also has this problem where due to the lack of resources and technology many disasters footnot be predicted on time. Due to this it gets delicate to estimate the damage level and the intensity of the disaster beforehand. It also gets hard to make a relief plan or mitigation strategies to minimize the effects of the disaster. Remoteness and closing off is another factor which is caused by the cultural and social barriers due to which majority of the small communities are effected as they are segregated and isolated from the society.Remoteness green goddess be taken in to devil different means one is the social exclusion factor the other can be the reputation of their inhabitant area which might geographically be landlocked by nature. In either ways their isolation can be a factor that can lead small communities in to a more than vulnerable situation. Infrastructure can also play a berth in increase the vulnerability of small communities. If we take the area of Southern Punjab as in example the area consists of the cracker-barrel side of the country and agriculture is their main source of employment, the place also has a history of floods link up disasters in the past.Due to lack of proper roads etc it might get hard for people to nullify even if the disaster as been predicted beforehand. The people from strong communities have means of transportation by which they can get to safety with ease on the other hand the poor and small communities dont get a chance to evacuate from the danger zone. Awareness programs and education about strategies to counter disasters is a phenomenon which is not present in the current society. The floods of 2012 could be held in acco unt as evidence of this encyclopaedism as many of the rural poor were displaced as majority of their assets were destroyed and many lives lost.If people were precondition proper education about strategies to deal with the disaster as it was an area with high risk the amount of loss might have been reduced. Lack of community participation is also an important factor as due to exclusion, factions are produced in the society due to barriers they do not tend to interact with the weaker segments of the society. Their lack of communication and participation creates a divide and due to which the vulnerability is increased in the smaller communities at the time of crisis. Limited capacity and coordination between various governmental and nongovernmental agencies.This might occur due to the minimal means of resistance available or mismanagement on behalf of the agencies. Corruption also has a role to play in this situation where the rights of the small communities are usurped by the large r or more madness full factions of the society. This corruption could give rise to mistrust between the state and non state actors trying to fight against the disaster. As they dont unite therefore their power is also diminished. Religious/Ethnic biases can also lead to disasters as small minorities are at stake. Due to quarrels and other means of violence threat to their assets and lives increases their vulnerability.Similarly in civil conflicts the small and less powerful communities are the ones which are at the high risk level due to their openness to danger. Rapid Urbanization as societies come more and more modern day by day the process of urbanization also increases. In wait of reaching to an industrial society as it brings more and more recourses to increase the level and quality of life history it also brings along some negative aspects out of which greed is most prominent. Today man has become so greedy that it does not care that what effects his voyage to success mig ht have on others.Rapid Industrialization is also having its negative effects on the environment which will eventually lead to severe consequences as global warming. At the same time rapid urbanization means the extermination of forests and other natural resources. As majority of the small communities cannot afford to live at the core thus the are pushed to the outer circle of the area where there might be a non availability of staple fiber necessities of lives leading to various epidemics for example due to lack of sanitation facilities or making them live in to disaster prone areas due to deforestation leading to earth quakes, landslides and floods.To conclude I would state that the above mentioned factors are some of many which evolve in our social system. What so ever is the cause of the disaster event either it is manmade, natural in nature it is the small communities which are affected the most. Social, political, armed conflicts, hazards all in total increase the vulnerabil ity of small communities. Steps are to be taken in to account to eradicate this in justice from our society as this may lead to social hullabaloo or may have even more bizarre outcomes on the community as a whole.