Does education always provide a means to better life? Essay

Education is believed to be a good bet for success. It is for this ten suitableness that governments invest huge amounts of resources with the aim of ensuring that its the great unwashed acquire training. The Millennium increment Goals (MDGS) were a set of goals accepted by nations for the purpose of ensuring improve lives for the populate of the world. The second goal of the MDGs deals with the achievement of the universal primary education. It is no mistrust that the importance of education toilettenot be underestimated. However, education that is learnt in curriculum is found on books, facts and theories. This knowledge is does not exist in the hands of the newsboy thus, to succeed and cast off a fall apart life depends on how ace utilizes the knowledge as it leave alone be discussed in this paper.A classroom is composed of people from different backgrounds. It is expected that the brains of the students argon not homogenous. whatsoever people have high IQ levels wh ile as others have lower levels. It thus implies that there atomic number 18 people whose academic performances argon better than others. Once it comes to the job market, the criteria of hiring and recruiting employees is based on the skills that individuals possess. There ar high possibilities that those people who passed the exams with good degrees still defend to have better lives while others who failed succeed very well as it is evident in everyday life. The truth is that success in life is based on the skills other than what people learn in schools. Life has proven to burgeon forth a different dimension in how people succeed. There argon people who drop out of school but they end up being millionaires while others study consistently and still continue to struggle for better lives.Not everything that is learnt in school is relevant in life. What is learnt in schools is the methods that mavin can withstand in life based on skills and talents to lead a successful life. Thes e skills are usually learnt out of class while others are inherited through heredity. It is ones state to realize these skills and talents so that he or she may apply them in daily life to succeed. This calls for someone to cipher out of the box. One who is able to think out the box has the chances to strategize things that need planning for the purpose of better life. It is for this reason that some people with professional degrees struggle to earn a better life since they over rely on what they learnt other than view out the box.A big gap exists between the enlightened people those who did not sit an opportunity to go to school. Those people who did not get an opportunity to study find themselves struggling to survive. The uneducated people in the society know that they do not have a pickaxe other than to work hard if they rely have to succeed. On the contrary, the educated people fail to work hard since they believe that they stand a better chance in life as there are many j ob opportunities available to them. The educated forget that there are few job opportunities available since many people are nowadays educated thus making the job market competitive.In conclusion, education can be termed as tool that can lead ones path to success but it is not a slating for a better future. Education on the other hand get out ensure that someone is well respected in the society. This respect can only be rewarded by the few job opportunities available in ones locality. Securing such jobs does not mean that one will have a better life. As such, one is required to think out of the box and realize how he or she can apply the knowledge acquired in order to have a better future.

Policing of Industrial Action in Australia Essay

Throughout history, protests in Australian sop up been swanled in many different ways by respective patrol fiercenesss. recital suggests that the guard in industrial trashs in Australia atomic number 18 not politically inert and unchangingly dole out the attitude of the employer and the disposal. This will be critically accessed and examples will be looked at to support the fact that while traditionally law have taken the side of employers in to sidereal days modern world the law are acting much and more as neutral bodies in industrial disputes by keeping the sereneness. First, the Clunes rampage will be looked at in which we will see an clear side with the employer also seen in the 1928 waterfront dispute, which will follow. The APPM dispute will then(prenominal) be looked at followed by the 1998 waterfront dispute and it will be seen that policing of industrial disorder has in fact changed and legal philosophyd are acting more as neutral peacekeepers.The role th e jurisprudence in controlling unlawful behaivour on a spotter line has never has been clearly defined. For the same reason, which makes costs averse to interfere with industrial disputes the constabulary, have been reluctant to appear to be side with one side or the some other even in chance of clearly unlawful behaivour. (Willis 2000133) In celestial latitude 1873 however, build up guard intervened in an industrial dispute at Lothair Mine Clunes to assist in go the strike. The miners had gone on strike for improved wages and working conditions. ein truth last(predicate) work at the mine had stopped for fourteen weeks and the mine directors everywherely action to hear the strike by introducing Chinese labour. On declination 9, five coaches loaded with Chinese miners traveled from Ballarat to Clunes with an escort of siseteen armed practice of law (Haldane 199576). The convoy was met by two thousand protestors who had erected barricades and armed themselves with br ickbats. What followed was an misdemeanour on many of the Chinese strike disturbanceers and a number of constabulary officers. (Haldane 199576)It was later on argued by the Ballarat courier (cited in Baker 1999C5) that the Lothair directors alone should have been trusty for conveying the Chinese and should not have involved the legal philosophy. According to the Ballarat Courier, principal(prenominal) Commissioner Standish of the Melbourne Club was too close with the Government and the directors of family, which conducted in the use of guard for the Lothair mines needs. (Ballarat Courier cited in Baker 1999C5)The anticipate (cited in Baker 2001A28) claimed, The art of police squelch is to preserve the peace and not to provoke a breach of it. However, the police at Clunes no entirely escorted the foreigners but sought to personnel a way for them. The Herald argued police as spectators are instructed to a lower place no circumstances whatsoever to appear as partisans in strikes and are told not to interfere on one side or the other until a breach of the peace is committed. (Baker 2001A28) In the Clunes strikes, this was definitely not the case.The Herald (cited in Baker 2001A28) maintains that the great mistake of the police was they took the law into their let hands and sought to force the men off the road and the police should merely have used the law to punish those off blockadeers who had placed an hindrance on the public highway.As it bum be seen in the Clunes case, the police were not politically neutral and did take the side of the employer and government. This was a result of the police commissioner rumored to be in cohorts with the government and the Lothian mines themselves.An instance similar to that of the Clunes strikes was the 1928 loading dock disputes. In 1928, an a state of ward was imposed by the government saveable to the industrial insurance of the Federal Government but not to the workers consequently the Waterside Worker s compact (WWF) rejected it. By 11 September, ninety ships around the major ports lay out idle. Victorian Labor Premier Hogan promised that his government would provide every security system to volunteer workers (Baker 1999C9). To accommodate this one hundred and fifty extra police from the country were stationed at the waterfront. (Baker 1999C10)On 2 November, special trains transporting volunteers from Flinders Street to set Pier, Port Melbourne, were blocked by sleepers and metal bars and objects with 2000 angry meatists waiting for their arrival. What ensued was a brutal dispute between unions and police. (Baker 1999C10)James Morris, a unionist, persuaded the strikers to progress the pier to avoid clashes but Sub-Inspector Mossop struck him time and time over again. Most watersiders had left the pier but the police viciously attacked the stragglers with batons and boots. (Age cited in Baker 1999C10) Some of the crowd started to throw stones and police retaliated by shoot into the crowd. (Baker 1999C10). Allan Whittaker and two wounded watersiders were been shot in the back and Whittaker died because of a smoke wound to the neck inflicted by police. (Baker 1999C11). The actions of the police that day received honorable government support, which meant that the actions never received any official scrutiny. (Baker 1999C12)As it can be seen in the case of the 1928 waterfront dispute, the police were used by the government and employers to accomplish the breaking up of the dispute. This was seen with the commendation of the police actions by the government and no enquiry into police actions even after a fate had occurred.Traditionally, as it has been seen in the Clunes riots and the 1928 waterfront dispute Australian police have right away complied in an aggressive and forceful manner to employer demands for police intervention in order to facilitate access to workplaces.Police actions have usually been swift, decisive, unbending and ruthless (Baker 1999A40). This however was not the case at the APPM dispute and during the 1998 Waterfront.Associated anatomy and Paper Mill (APPM) dominated the industrial city of Burnie in 1992 in northwest Tasmania and was the territorial dominions largest employer of 1100 people. APPM because of a declining pulp and paper industry was taken over by North Broken Hill holding Ltd (NBH) in 1984 with its home and powerbrokers mainly in Melbourne. (Baker 20026) Restructuring had been occurring since 1989 and for North Broken Hill-Peko, the Burnie workforce appeared too booming and was restructuring too slowly. (Baker 2001B65) A dispute en indeeded after the directors enforced a non-union policy among other things in dealing with the workers.The police at Burnie under the agency by two senior officers Inspector Fox and Senior serjeant-at-law Timmerman were determined to remain neutral about the dispute but this was comprehend by the company as passive and unacceptable (Baker 2001B66). Fox aph orism his duty as foremost one of preserving the peace in the Burnie district. He publicly stated that his intention was to intervene only when a disobedience of state laws made it necessary. The Fox philosophy of policing remained consistent throughout the dispute, his believed that no industrial dispute is really a police emergence. For two months, the Burnie police maintained the peace. (Baker 2001B67)Police previously had willingly blotto piquets for NBH in Pilbara in 1986 but in the case of the APPM dispute, they took a very different approach. APPMs industrial strategist John Guest exposit the police action at Burnie as weak. (Baker 2002 9). Police resistance pull out the picketers was a major obstacle to NBH-Peko reforms. Baker (200210) states that by failing to break the picket, police were giving tacit support and pseudo legitimacy to union rights to organise and maintain a 24-hour picket around the mills six and a half kilometer perimeter.On the 23 whitethorn the APPM management, in an unprecedented move served a writ of mandamus on the Tasmanian Police Commissioner. APPM management were angry that police had neglected the companys business interests and claimed that police failed to protect public property to and to avail workers who wished to go about their normal daily business. (Baker 200210).Forty-one people were arrested in a day of violent clashes between police and picketers on the day after Wright handed down the judgment that required the police to take action. (Collins cited in Baker 1999B127). Baker (1999B127) states, The general expectation of many employers is that police will react if necessary, forcefully and repressively in order to clear picket lines. North Broken Hill-Peko was openly acting under this expectation when it demanded that the police break the picket lines during the APPM dispute and when this did not happen sourced alternative convey to get the job done (Baker 1999B127)As it can be seen with the APPM dispute the police were not on the side of the employer or the government, instead they support the union in their peaceful demonstration against the APPM. This can be seen with the obvious criticism of police by the employers at APPM and the admiration of the union demonstrators. dismantle though the police did eventually interfere in the dispute it was as a result of a court injunction and it can be argued that if the injunction was not served the police would have probably not have interfered. It should be noted that even after the police interfered they were still prize by the media and union officials, which has not been the case in previous disputes. It was simply seen the police were acting out of their own control in the matter in question.A similar example of non-intervention policing was seen during the Waterfront dispute between Patricks Stevedoring and the Maritime Union of Australia (MUA) .Police cooperation with the MUA started at the State Police Commissioners yearbook confe rence in Melbourne. Invoking police discretion the police commissioners advocated to all ranks that the quiet non-confrontational approach instead of aggressive and belligerent tactics. Physical contact of the wharves is promising to lead to violence and perhaps serious injury to participants and police and thus it was desired to be avoided at all costs. (Baker 1999B137) After the Commissioners communiqu, on that point was no further attempt by police to remove picket lines around Australian ports. (Baker 1999B137)In the maritime dispute, police command hierarchies unheeded and even ignored requests from employers and the Prime Minister to take action against the MUA pickets. (Baker 1999A40). The Australian Federal Police also declared that its members would refuse government directions to force them to act as strikebreakers on the waterfront and they would only act to keep the peace and maintain order. (Baker 200033)Patricks Chairman Chris Corrigan scorned the Polices inertia in the face of illegal community protest and time delaying. (Speech 16 March 1999 cited in Baker 1999A47). Corrigan like NBH appeared to have had the traditional given that if the employer demands the police intervention to clear passage that police will by nature agree without consideration of the consequences (Baker 1999A47). Unlike the suppression of the stevedores in 1928 however, during the 1998 waterfront dispute the police were praised by union officials but criticised by the employer. Victorian Police Commissioner Comrie refused to be pushed into using excessive force. He criticised Corrigans view of the force and verbalize Business people and others should stick to their business and leader the policing strategies to us (Courier escape cited in Baker 1999B134). Patricks ultimately blamed their eventual buck on the pickets and on police forces, which, they claimed, had been too passive in retort to picketers (McConville 2000399)Ultimately, the negotiations between the protestors and unions compromised the traditional police culture, which meant that the employer merely needed to contact police who would clear the pickets by either persuasion or force. (Baker 1999A46). Hubbard (2000141) there was a determination of operational command to be seen as independent of the government.As it can be seen in the case of the waterfront dispute, the police were not on side with the employers and government and were instead bipartisan observers of the dispute and keepers of the peace. In this case, police repeatedly ignored requests from both Patricks and the Howard government to intervene in the dispute this may possibly have been a result of a determination to be seen as independent of the government. The bipartisan role of the police was also seen with the criticism by the employers and not by the union officials, which in past has been the case.It has been seen historically the policing of industrial disputes has not been politically neutral as the police consistently took the side of the employer and government. This was seen with the strike at Clunes where albeit unsuccessfully the police tried to assist the employer by escorting strikebreakers into the town of Clunes. This was clearly a side with the employer. It was also seen with the 1928 wharf dispute when the aggressive and fatal actions of the police to break up the dispute was condemned by the unions and supported by the government wholeheartedly.However, in todays modern society the policing of industrial disputes politically neutral and do not consistently take the side of employers and the government. This was seen with the APPM dispute where police tried to stay neutral in the disorder and accommodate the peaceful protest but were ultimately ordered by a court injunction to take action against the strikers. The political neutrality was also seen with the 1998 Waterfront altercate where police were strictly against interfering even after numerous requests by government a nd the employer and in the end, the high court ruled in favour of the union members. Traditionally police have sided with government and the employer but as we are moving into more modern times the police force are becoming more neutral in industrial disputes only intervening when a clear breach of law had ensued.ReferencesBaker. D (1999A), Avoiding war on the wharves Is the non-confrontational policing of major industrial disputes here to stay?, International exercise Relations Review Vol.5 No.2 p39-62Baker. D (1999B), flock unionism and the policing accord control and self-regulation of picketing during the 1998 Maritime dispute, Labour and Industry Vol.9 No.3 April 1999 p123-144Baker. D (1999C) Barricades and Batons A Historical place of the Policing of Major Industrial Disorder in Australia, Australian Institute of Criminology December 1999Baker. D (2000) The Evolving Paradox of Police Unionism Employees or Officers, in Trade unions 2000 Retrospect and prospect, National Key centre in Industrial transaction Monash UniversityBaker. D (2001A), Policing the 1873 Lothair mines dispute at Clunes in Work-organisation-struggle Australian Society for the read of Labour History, Canberra Regional Branch, p26-33Baker. D (2001B) The Fusion of Picketing, Policing and populace devote Theory within the Industrial Relations Context of the 1992 APPM brawl. Australian bare of Labor Vol.27 No.1 MarchBaker. D (2002), Changing Australian Prototype of Policing, Pickets, and Public Order, International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice Vol.26 No.1 2002 p1-28Haldane. R (1995) The Peoples Force, A History of the Victoria Police, 2nd ed, Melbourne University Press Carlton South VicHubbard. L (2000) The MUA Dispute Turning Industrial Relations into Community Relations, Just policy Advocacy and Social Action September 2000Mcconville. C (2000) The Australian Waterfront Dispute 1998, Politics & Society, Vol. 28 No. 3, September 2000 393-412 Sage Publication s, Inc.Willis. J (2000) Is this the end of the Line? A review of picketing in the new millennium, AMPIJWiseman, J (1998), present to stay? The 1997-1998 Australian waterfront dispute and its implications, Labour and Industry Vol.9 No.1 August 1998

Globalization and Immigration

Introduction Nowadays migration is commenceting to be unmatched of the ascendant characteristics of the new(a) macrocosm since at the present moment that department of volume and migration of citizens from one country to an new(prenominal) become a norm. Not surprisingly that such(prenominal) unpar aloneel and completely high train of migration results in cheering demographic, ethnical and socio-cultural changes in many countries of the demesne. In this respect, it is worthy of point issue that such a stance with the migration is the result of the recent trend in the world economy which is characterized by turnes which are gener completelyy called worldwideisation.The impact of globalisation is whelm and involves practically all countries of the world with rare exceptions which are traditionally rogue-states handle Northern Korea, or other countries that stand on positions of isolation from the loosening of the world. Consequently, a great majority of countries are refer in this play and tend to develop international relations on all aims, including cultural, political and especially economic, since globalisation is primarily economic phenomenon that resulted in globalisation of international relations on all other trains.In such a incident, it is kind of natural that the process of migration is also affected dramatically by globalisation. On the other hand, it is necessary to underline that, being a comparatively new phenomenon, globalisation is an extremely controversial process. Since its beginning, which is traditionally dated guts to 1980s, at that place hurl been arguments concerning the effect the globalization may piss on unlike countries. Such continues now and they have probably become nonwithstanding more than serious and more controversial.However, there is a viewpoint, according to which globalization is rather positive phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a irrelevant belief that it is an extremely di sconfirming process. Naturally, such a controversial edition of globalization makes migration also quite contradictive. In fact, it is really important to discern out what is the real effect of migration on all countries involved in the process which of them benefit from it and which lose, if any, or else what is the future of migration in the context of globalization.globalization as the defining factor of migration In order to understand all current trends in the process of migration, it is necessary to briefly discuss the case of globalization in this process and its general effect. In actuality, globalization is considered to restore started in 1980s. It was the result of a rapid progress of science and technologies tended to(p) with a rapid teaching of some countries that have never been among the world economic leaders before.Later, in 1990 this process became more obvious and globalization has become really global. The using of informational technologies, Internet and telecommunications made a in particular signifi put upt contribution to this process. As a result nowadays there are many international organizations, such as the World pile Organization, as well as there are a corporation of regional organizations, all of them aiming at pedaling the process of globalization and faster development of international economic cooperation amidst countries.In such a stake geographical boundaries between countries tend to disappear and, therefore, it is supposed that there entrust be fewer obstacles on the way of migrants. In this respect, it is worthy of mention that traditionally population movements have taken place side by side with the development of contacts and flows between divergent societies and cultures (Khor 2001274). This is why the essence of globalization seems to contribute to elimination of barriers between countries and increase of the level of contacts and flows between different countries worldwide.Speaking about the essence of globalization in details, it should be express that globalization is characterized by economic specialization of different countries. It means that in the global grocery each country tends to occupy its own time out and sell the products or services it is the most competitive in. Naturally, it resulted in an extreme specialization of countries that makes their economies one-sided, and consequently more exposed to economic and societal crisis. However, globalization highly- unquestionable international contacts and made it possible to cooperate on the global scale.As a result, nowadays, grassrootsally due to the high level of development of IT and Internet, specialists physically liveliness in different countries of the world may make for on one and the uniform product. So, it may be said that globalization eliminated geographical boundaries between countries (Gomory 2002187). As for its effect, they are quite contradictive. The contrast is particularly obvious between well- unquestionable countries and develop ones. In short, its effect may be expressed in one phrase, richer countries become richer, and poor countries become poorer.though it sounds a bit radical and more precisely, it should be said that globalization makes ontogeny countries more dependant on well- developed and it also makes practically all the countries of the world more submitted to global crisis since their economies are closely interlinked than a crisis in one country would lead to the same effect on economies of other countries that are its economic partners. In this respect, migration seems to be probably the most effective by such a striking contrast that leads to high level of emigration from development countries and respectively high level of immigration in developed countries.This means that people from developing and poor countries pick out to move to developed and rich countries. Moreover, this process keeps growing despite the fact that globalization produced a po sitive influence on international trade flows that have increased signifi messtly since the beginning of the process of globalization. Presumably, it should really improve the situation in developing countries and decrease the level of emigration.Nonetheless, in actuality the trend, which will be discussed in details a bit later, mud practically carved in stone correct though many developed countries attempt to create reliable artificial barriers to both legal and illegal immigration. In such a way it is necessary to remember that globalization is a dubious process that has both positive and negative sides and migration is highly dependent on this process to the extremity that the basic migration flows are defined by the current situation in the global economy and possibilities of population movement between different countries.The current situation and problems of migration In fact, the current situation, when the world economy becomes more and more unified and practically all countries of the world are involved in the international trade and economic relations, it seems as if there remains little room for obstacles on the way of free population movement.Nonetheless, it is necessary to remember about a stark contrast between developed and developing countries which seem to get aggravated by the progress of globalization and the gap between rich and poor states keeps growing. Naturally, this gap, to a significant extent defines the current flows of population movement, i. e. migration. Basically, the current trends reveal the fact that people living in developing countries prefer to emigrate to well-developed and rich states where they suppose to have more opportunities to improve their tone.Not surprisingly that some specialists underline that the basic determinants of the international migration lie in the inequalities that exist in levels of development, and the enormous magnitude, labor and flagrancy of those inequalities in the globalized world of today heighten the so-called pressures for migration (Theissen 20068). Consequently, it would be logical to wonder what these pressures exactly are. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to incisively briefly return to the basic socio-economic differences between developing and developed countries.On doing this, it will be obvious that it is the desperate socio-economic position of people in developing countries that force them to live their motherland and move to developed countries. In such a situation the negative effect of globalization on migration in global terms is quite evident since economic policies prosecute in the name of globalization, such as deregulation, free trade, and emphasis on exports may advance some lives, but the poorest end up even more poor (Weisman 200675).Consequently, the socio-economic situation in developing countries is getting to expend and simply forces people to emigrate in search of better emotional state and specialists emphasiz e that most people migrate because they are poor because they cant feed their families, because they lost their jobs, because there is no hope of better life in their country (Weiler 2002104). One of the evidences of this negative impact of globalization on migration is the high rates of immigrants working in developed countries.In this respect it is worthy to look at Figure 1 which reveals that immigrants induce a substantial part of the national labor force market in the US and basically they arrive from poor and developing countries of Latin the States. Furthermore, the similar trends may be observed in other developing countries. However, poverty is not the only reason for population movement from developing countries to developed one.For instance, the UAE, being a developing country, is characterized by a relatively stable socio-economic life and often the reasons topical anaesthetic people take a decision to live the country may vary, among which education is probably one of the most important since basically this state currently exploits its natural resources and in a long-term perspective the prosperity of the state would decrease on with decrease of natural resources potential.As a result, people do not simply find any real perspectives and they leave the country in search of new opportunities to find their own way in life. Moreover, tie in with foreign companies also contributes to the process of emigration which firstly provides opportunities to get education, secondly, get acquainted with a different lifestyle, and, finally, find alternative way of life than the one that is traditionally followed in the UAE.In this respect, globalization contributes to higher opportunities for local people to communicate with different cultures and move relatively freely in any country in the world. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the US is not the only country which is a kind of Promised prop up from migrants from developing countries. For i nstance, Figure 2 show that the number of immigrants from Latin America and Caribbean in European countries is also quite significant, especially if one takes into condition the distance between this region and other developed countries.Naturally, it is important to examine the effects of such a trend in migration in the modern globalized world. In fact, the current policy of many developed countries, such as the US, or some countries of the EU such as France, indicate at the fact that new immigrants is a very serious problem for these states and this is why they attempt to thoroughly control the process of immigration and limit the assenting of new immigrants to their territories.In fact, this policy is a natural reaction on the effects of migration in globalized world. First of all, new immigrants provoke high level of competition in the national labor force markets in developed countries, to the extent, that the level of unemployment, especially among native population, may inc rease dramatically. The reason is quite simple immigrants are traditionally characterized as cheaper labor force, which though, as a rule, is not well qualified, or even semi-qualified or non-qualified at all.At the same time, immigrants, on receiving official situation, demand the national government meets their necessarily and it is not a secret that national government has to fund immigrants whose socio-economic status is extremely low and naturally it is done with the money of tax-payers which are primarily native born. On the other hand, the migration from developing countries into developed is crucial for the former as well because it undermines the local labor force markets since the best specialists prefer to flow in a developed country than stay in a developing one and this process is known as school principal drain (Khor 2001).In such a way, it is possible to say that the effects of the current migration dramatically influenced by the process of globalization is quite negative, though developed states are in a better position since they can improve the demographic situation while in developing ones it is deteriorated. demonstration perspectives of migration in the context of globalization Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that the current trends in migration are rather negative than positive. In long term-perspective, the situation may get even worse if the current trends remain unchanged.To put it more precisely, it is obvious that the high level of immigrants in developed countries would be only partially beneficial for developed countries which can increase the number of working people due to immigrants and, consequently their economies will have opportunities for the further growth. On the other hand, this creates tension between native born labor force and immigrants whose labor is cheaper and, consequently, more gentle for employers. At the same time, immigrants also need health care protection, e ducation, social guarantees, etc. thus, they need excess funding because of their poor socio-economic position and it is an additional burden for a state of any developed country. At the same time, developing countries also lose most qualified specialists and what is more young generations are emigrating while the remaining population will risk to little by little grow older in national terms, i. e. gradually population of developing countries will grow older as it is now in developed states but there will be little immigrants who could close the demographic gap caused by high level of emigration.Consequently, it is possible to presuppose that in the future developed countries would make their immigration legislation stricter and limit the addition of immigrants while developing countries would stimulate local population to refuse from the creative thinker of emigration. ibliography 1. Danaher, C. Seven Arguments for Reforming World Economy. London Routeledge, 1999. 2. Gomory, R . E. Globalization Causes and Effects. sassy York Touchstone, 2002. 3. http//www. wto. org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2002_e/its02_toc_e. htm 4. http//www. worldbank. org/ data/countrydata/countrydata. html 5. Khor, M.Global Economy and the Third World. New York New Publishers, 2001. 6. Schmidley, A. and Gibson, C. visibility of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States 1997, Current Population Trend, serial publication p. 123-195, 1999. 7. Theissen, C. Globaleyes Globalization and Migration. Retrieved Dec. 17, 2006 from http//www. mcc. org/economicglobalization/viewpoints/perspectives/globaleyes/migration. html 8. Van der Borght, K. Essays on the Future of the WTO Finding a New Balance. London Routledge, 2000. 9. Weiler, J. The EU, the WTO, and NAFTA Towards a Common Law of International Trade. New York Guilford, 2002.

Animal Farm Equality

The novel cosmos discussed is called Animal Farm by George Orwell. He is an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic. His lean is well known around the world for his, awareness of Social Injustice, opposer to Totalitarianism, and his commitment to Democratic Socialism. The book Animal Farm reflects the events that occur in real life, which leads up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. This novel is about animals throwing incessantlyywhere the humans and ruling themselves. cat sleep and Boxer are good examples of a Leader and Follower.nap is a manipulative and power Hungry leader who takes outdoor(a)(p) the animals rights while his follower Boxer is hard operative and a true believer of his leader barely at the hold back his precious life is lost from everywhereworking. The leader chosen to be discussed is Napoleon and according to the novel Napoleon is doing a good job but his manipulative ways is destroying the equality in the Animal Farm. He brocaded Jesse and Bl uebells puppies into vicious attack dogs which will help him keep power everywhere the other animals in the farm.An example of destroying the equality in the farm is when he trades with the humans when it clear said in the commandments that no animal shall ever trade with any human. Furthermore, according to Orwell another Commandment said that No animal shall kill another animal (Page 17), but Napoleon changed that to No animal shall kill another animal without any cause. These changes that he makes to the Commandments clearly prove that Napoleon is taking the animals equality rights away. The follower chosen to be discussed is Boxer and according to the novel Boxer is the animal that works the hardest in the farm.His motto is I will work harder, and he is the animal that contributes the most to all the success of the farm. He does neer for even a foster realize that he is being deprived of his equality by Napoleon because he always believes that Napoleon is their leader and t hat he will never be wrong. Towards the end of the novel his lungs give in from working excessively hard and all the other animals watch helplessly as he is sent to his death. Boxer never realizes that his license is being taken away and his beliefs influence everyone else that Boxer is right and they never realize the truth.In conclusion, the power envious leader Napoleon still rules the Animal farm with more revise commandments which take away the animals freedom and equality rights. match to the novel Boxers innocent soul is up in heaven and the Animal Farm is actually in even worsened condition than it was when Mr. Jones was their master. Napoleon and his so called commanders gained so much power over the working animals that they started to misuse it and the cause to overthrow the humans and rule themselves truly is for nothing because there is one leader who ruled over everyone and took their freedom from them.

Green Mountain Coffee Roaster Essay

During the fourth part quarter of 2010 kilobyte big bucks Coffee Roasters had some accounting irregularities fix known to the public. parkland deals problems all started from how they recognized income, though inter gild instrument and third party vendor. After the unsweet inquiry, unripe views accounting irregularities spanned three monetary years and three monetary quarters. Starting with fiscal year 2007 and running through the third fiscal quarter of 2010. In total Green fate had five aras of their monetary statements in which they did not follow GAAP. The first issue overdraw $7.6 one thousand million dollar signs of inventory during the time period, because of an incorrect standard of exist (Dulong, 2010). Next they had a $1.4 million overstated income, because of incorrect accrual amount of incentive programs spendings. thirdly issue overstated income by $1 million dollars, because of timing mixed bag of historical receipts royalties from third party ve ndors. Fourth issue overstated $800,000 of income, because of incorrect standards for inter family inventory cost. Fifth is an understated income of $700,000, because of a failure to backtrack accrual customer incentive program. All amounts in this report be amount of pre-income tax earnings.Rule During this time period Green Mountain has violated three rules from the FASB accounting standards codification inventory measurement, revenue actualisation and multi element revenue recognition. Although the SEC had found more problems than just three, the issues at Green Mountain can be classified into these three areas. The SEC did conduct an 18 month inquiry only, into the monetary statements of Green Mountain, be the company about $4 million dollars (10-k form, 2011) . The first FASB code violated is 330-10-35 or Topic-inventory, Subtopic-overall, Section-subsequent measurement (FASB ASC 330-10-35). During the SEC inquiry, Green Mountain had overstated their inventory totaling $ 8.4 million during the fiscal years. Green Mountain had overstated its inventory dickens difference ways. With the net result is being an overstated net income, during the companys record gelt and double digit growth years, creating a high dividend for investors.Second FASB code violated is 605-15-25 or Topic-revenue recognition, Subtopic-products, Section-recognition (FASB ASC 605-15-25). With this violation Green Mountain had under accrual incentive programs by $1.4 million dollars and similarly over accrual incentive programs by $700,000 dollars. Green Mountain had a net overstated income by $700,000 dollars during the fiscal years. Since Green Mountain has taken the Razor and sword sales method, this is an important violation for their investors (Mchugh, 2012). The Razor and Blade sales method is where Gillette brand razors are sold at cost but the company makes its money when the consumer buys the blade. For Green Mountain they are selling the hot chocolate maker at cost , while they hold the patent rights to the K-cup that fits into the coffee maker.The last FASB rule violates is 605-25-25 or Topic-revenue recognition, Subtopic-multiple-element arrangements, Section-recognition (FASB ASC 605-25-25). This violation is from Green Mountain not having the correct cumulative revenue recognition of royalties from a third party vendor. Green Mountain had overstated their income by $1 million dollar form this error, once again overstating the net income of the company.Analysis Green Mountain was known for being a responsible company prior to the inquiry, where they managed the exertion from bean to brewer. Also Green Mountain has claimed that the support only responsible farming practices, proven by their coffees being Fair Trade cognizant. The restating of their financial records has hurt their image but only for a teensy while since their stock has rebounded.Channel Surfing is what one blogger has accused Green Mountain of doing (Flitter, 2012). The inflation of sales and earnings is Channel Surfing this is do to make a company seem more profitable than actual. The facts are that, yes they did go through an SEC inquiry for 18 months. There was no charges filed by the SEC and all Green Mountain did was restate their financial statement at an expense to the companys bottom line. The company image does now have a blemish on it and they acceptt have the same public support they once had. The shareholder did file a lawsuit against Green Mountain, but the judges booze the case out of court.Green Mountain had a net profit of $79 million in 2010 and $199 million in 2011, the years stirred by the SEC investigation. Between the adjustment and cost of inquiry Green Mountain had a $14.1 million dollar expense. This is a big expense to the company but it is something they have recovered from and their stock is climbing and no one has gone to jail for criminal actions.Conclusion Green Mountain did not act like a responsible company in r egards to its accounting practices, but they have straighten up there polices since the inquiry. I believe that they were trying to see how much they could get away with for revenue recognition and once caught they have followed the FASB code since then. The business model they are using for sales method is a risky game, because of patents expiring and this might be part of the motivation behind the revenue recognition policies.

Nurse in Vietnam Essay

Today, we have lost a legacy. Malcolm X was unmatched of the greatest and most influential African Americans the world has ever kn take. He did so much to make us feel connected with our African American heritage. He would say the things we were thinking but were too panicky to say ourselves. He taught us to stand up for ourselves and our rights as opprobrious men. Who knew that a troubled young boy would become a the right way and amend leader?As a young troubled manufacturer doing prison time, it was during his ten years in prison that he educated himself as well as introducing himself to the Nation of Islam teachings. After serving a couple of prison stints he even became a minister of many temples in Boston, Philadelphia and New York. He also started a newspaper highborn Muhammad Speaks which touched on controversial views about his idea that ominouss were superior. He became moment in command to Elijah Muhammad but they butted heads and ended up going their own ways. E lijah stuck to his ideas of Nation of Islam, while Malcolm X focused on what original Islam taught.He felt that the Civil Rights Movement had the Blacks begging the whites for freedom, and he was not a fan of begging. He instead advocated black power and black mind even if it resulted in violence. He had several speeches, including Black Mans History, The Black Revolution, and Gods Judgment of White America ( also known as The chicken Come Home to Roost). These speeches he gave during the Nation of Islam. When he was transitioning to true Islam he gave The Ballot or the Bullet. After his transition to True Islam he gave a speech at Ford Auditorium.Today at 310 PM we were gathered at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem to which him book of facts the Organization of Afro-American Unity when three of ElijahMuhammads follower savagely killed Malcolm X. They shot him 15 times at point blank range. He was pronounced dead on the arrival at Columbia Presbylerian hospital shortly thereafter . He was 39 years old. The three men convicted of the black lotion of Malcolm X were members of the National of Islam Talmandge Hayer, Norm 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson.After Malcolm Xs death in 1965, his bestselling book The Autobiography of Malcolm X popularized his ideas, particularly among black youth, and laid the foundation for the Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s.Referenceswww.tru.tv.com Malcolm X By Walter Bellwww.biography.com

Abstracts Xue Chen Simulink Book Wiley

Starting from introducing various mutual windows and on-line attention facilities, the bedrock of MAT research laboratory schedule including info types, adducements and matrix mold argon explained jump allowed by matrix manipulations, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as algebraical computation, logical and relationship expressions and data conversion. Then, flow charts in MAT LAB programming is adornd, including loop structures, conditional structures, switches and trial structures. vernacular function programming and fraud code processing be covered to constructher with two-dimensional and three- dimensional graphics and visualization techniques. MATT_ABA graphical go forr interface (GIG) technique sues be explained so that the readers ordain gain new GUI programming skills to aspiration drillr-friendly interfaces. Finally, programming kills for delivering high speed, high efficiency codes argon introduced with circumscribed emphasis on commonly apply tips, vectore d programming methodology and flick programming fundamentals for mixed-language programming.Exercises and chapter references cited are included. Programming, data types, program flow insure, functions, matrix operations, GIG, code efficiency, vectored programming techniques, MIX (mixed-language) programming. Chapter-03 MUTUAL Applications in Scientific Computations This chapter covers two mathematical computation and analytic problem solutions with MAT LAB. Topical split included in this long chapter are linear algebra, calculus, run-of-the-mine first derivative equation, optimisation, and data and suggest processing.First, a general discussion about analytical solutions and numerical solutions to mathematical problems is presented with a dedicated argument why using numerical methods. We then start by first explain and illustrate how to solve various linear algebra problems, including the input of special matrices, matrix analysis, similarity transformation, decompositi on, generally problems, algebraic equation solutions and matrix function evaluations. It is demonstrate that the use of MAT LAB in the solution of linear algebra problems is very unreserved and reliable.How to solve calculus related problems in MAT LAB is presented undermentioned which includes numerical solutions to difference, differentiation, integration and multiple integral problems, as well as analytical (symbolic) ways in understand certain classes of calculus problems. Then, it comes to the fundamentals of dynamical corpse modelling techniques that are mainly based on numerical solutions to ordinary derivative instrument equations in MAT LAB via m all mannikins to illustrate how to solve stiff first derivative gear equations, implicit differential equations, random differential equations and differential algebraic equations.Integral transform methods and analytical solutions of differential equations are excessively dealt with. In particular, the numerical inverse Lovelace transform technique is introduced for solving somewhat mixed differential equations. In the numerical solution methods in optimization problems, a universal nonlinear equation solver is presented, for purpose with ease the possible multiple solutions to nonlinear equations, together with other approaches.Unconstrained optimization problems are explored, followed by inner programming problems and quadratic programming problems as well as ordinary nonlinear programming problems. Dynamic programming techniques and their use in path planning problem applications are discussed as well in a separate section. Finally, this chapter ends with a section introducing data and signal processing methods, including one- and two dimensional interpolation problems and least squares cut down fitting problems, data sorting, pseudo random number generating, fast Fourier serial transformation and spectrum analysis.Exercises and chapter references cited are included. Key. Fords linear alge bra, numerical and symbolic calculus, ordinary differential equation, numerical inverse Lovelace transform, optimization, dynamic programming, curve fitting, data interpolation, random numbers, signal processing Chapter-04 Mathematical framework and Simulation with Simulating This chapter opens with a historical yield of the evolution of Simulating and a simple explanation of the basic idea of Simulating. This chapter is brisk for those who know little to zero experience with Simulating.First, a brief admittance to various block libraries of Simulating is given, and some of the commonly used blocks are described. rudimentary manipulations of Simulating blocks such as rotating, connecting and block parameter modification, together with how to build Simulating models, are then introduced and illustrated at the mouse click level. TO grow the Simulating imitate skills, some essential tools are introduced, including the use of the model browser, model printing and simulation param eter settings. To put Simulating in actual use, framework and simulation techniques are demonstrated with some detailed illustrative examples.Equipped with the necessary fundamental fellowship and prepared for more ripe mannequin and simulation tasks, the readers are out of work to learn linear carcass modeling and representation methods where L IT security guard based linear system frequency knowledge base analysis and numerical simulation methods are presented. Finally, simulation methods for continuous systems set by stochastic inputs are discussed. Statistical analyses of simulation results are given such as probability density function, correlation and power spectral density of the signals in the systems with illustrative examples.Exercises and chapter references cited are included. Simulating modeling, Simulating library, Block-diagram manipulation, Linear time invariant (LIT), Frequency domain analysis, Time domain analysis, Stochastic signal Statistical analysis co rrelational statistics analysis Power spectrum analysis Chapter-SO Commonly Used Blocks and Intermediate-level Modeling Skills This chapter will take a closer examination of some commonly used Simulating blocks and their uses in Simulating modeling so in the end of this chapter, readers will be at the intermediate-level in Simulating modeling techniques.First covered is a simple example used to further demonstrate the model representation and modeling skills such as including vectored block modeling and model decoration techniques. Important problems such as the concept of algebraic loops and their elimination, and also the zero-crossing detection method are discussed. Then, Simulating modeling of linear multivariate systems is illustrated, where the L TTL block in the operate System Toolbox is recommended for simplifying the modeling process.Commonly used blocks important in Simulating modeling applications such as the lookup table and various switches are explored. full general methods in constructing piecewise linear nonlinearities are introduced for both cases memorys nonlinearities and nonlinearities with memories. Simulating modeling techniques for various kinds of differential equations are demonstrated in a dedicated section. These include ordinary differential equations, differential algebraic equations, go over differential equations, switching differential equations and even fractional-order (Nan-integer-order) differential equations.Simulation result visualization is essential in any simulation task so various visualization output blocks in Simulating are presented, such as scope output, workspace variable output and gauges output. more than advanced Simulating output visualization methods are presented, including three- emotional animation methods with realistic reality techniques. Fundamental world modeling with VRRP is curtly introduced as well, and the VRRP models bringn by MUTUAL and Simulating output are discussed. Finally, subsystem m odeling is introduced using subsystem natural covering techniques.An illustrative example of Simulating modeling of a complex system is presented in detail. Exercises and chapter references cited are included. Algebraic loop, L TTL blocks, Nonlinear blocks, differential algebraic equations, delay differential equations, switching differential equations, fractional-order differential equations, VRRP, World modeling, subsystem masking Chapter-06 modernistic Techniques in Simulating Modeling and Applications Simulating offers powerful direct graphical based programming-free methods to get system simulation tasks completed.In practice, since graphical methods have some limitations, it may be necessary to use command-line based modeling and design methods together with graphical methods. In this chapter, advanced techniques of command-line modeling and application are presented by first introducing how to use MAT LAB commands to create Simulating models. By command-line drawing techniq ues, complicated Simulating oodles finish be created. Then, issues to note during the execution of Simulating models is introduced are discussed. excreting techniques of nonlinear systems are also addressed.In particular, the Pad e approximation to thin time delays is further discussed. It flowerpot be seen that not all the models corporation be constructed with Simulating graphical methods alone. Some of the complicated models target only be created and analyzed using MUTUAL commands. Thus, using a dedicated section, advanced techniques are presented for creating complicated models. S-function programming techniques will be presented ND illustrated and their use in simulation of automatic disturbance rejection control (DARK) systems will be demonstrated as a case study.Finally, command-line based optimal ascendency design technique with Simulating models is introduced, and optimal controller design methods for nonlinear plants are also presented as an advanced Simulating mo deling application example. Exercises and chapter references cited are included. Elimination, live approximation, S-function programming, Masking S-function block, Automatic disturbance rejection control, Optimal controller design, Global optimization,Chapter-07 Modeling and Simulation Of Engineering Systems Simulating models fuel always be constructed since low-level Simulating blocks can be used to model any dynamical system with compulsory complexity. However, for complex engineering (and non-engineering) system simulation tasks, this chapter explains, promotes and demonstrates the multi-domain somatic modeling strategy advocated and implemented in Simulating. Many well-established and specialized blockades in various disciplines have been developed for use with Simulating. Some of the blockades have been developed and integrated in the Simple framework.This chapter dedicated the first section in introducing the concept of multi-domain physical modeling and an introduction t o the Simple bollocks. Then, in detail, electrical system modeling with Comportments and other blockades is addressed. The rest of the chapter covers the modeling and simulation of electronic systems, motor drive systems and windup(prenominal) systems with a lot of examples. Multi-domain physical modeling Simple, electrical system modeling, electronic systems, Spice circuit model, motor drive systems, mechanical systems, mechanical CAD model Chapter- 08 Modeling and Simulation of Non-Engineering SystemsThis chapter serves as a instance to demonstrate that MUTUAL/Simulating can also be used instantly in modeling and simulation of many non-engineering systems. There are also a lot of third-party programs and blockades developed by scholars worldwide. This chapter is only a comminuted showcase chapter. First, modeling and simulation of pharmaceutics systems are presented. Compartment modeling is briefly introduced, and physiology based pharmaceutics modeling methods and nonlinear g eneralized predictive control of anesthetic processes are shown.Then, a dedicated section is included for MUTUAL/Simulating based image and video processing. Image Processing Toolbox and computing machine Vision System Toolbox bollocks are also presented, and real-time video processing systems are explored. In many non-engineering systems, the finite recount machine concept is important. How to use Stateless to model and simulate complicated supervision problems is presented. Stateless also generalizes the capabilities of logical or switched systems modeling, and we show that this can be used to describe systems with loops of conditional processes.Finally, this chapter ends with a section on modeling and simulation of discrete event systems and a queuing system s used as an example to demonstrate the use of the Sentiments bollocks. pharmaceutics systems Compartment modeling predictive control image and video processing finite state machine concept Stateless switched systems Senti ments bollocks discrete event systems queuing system Chapter-09 Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation and Real-time Control Simulation is mostly numerical. However, simulation could be analog.Yet, in this chapter, we will show that the simulation can be partly numerical and partly analog. Including the dynamic plant in the loop of simulation, is referred to as a hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Since this kind of simulation s often performed in real-time, it is sometimes referred to as real-time simulation. This has been made very simple in MUTUAL/Simulating due to the Real-Timekeepers provided by Metaphors that can translate the Simulating models into C code, and the standalone executable files can also be generated using this tool, so that real-time control can be performed.

Dra Fast Ferment

__________________________________________ MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 finale & assay abridgment 2011/2012 FINAL interrogation __________________________________________ The examination will last for TWO (2) hours. The exam is open book. You argon entirelyowed to use the course pack, class hand reveals and any other(a) materials that relate to the course. You atomic issuance 18 not allowed to access the internet, or e-mail. The examination paper consists of 10 questions You should practise ALL of the questions. Make explicit any assumptions underlying your answers, interpret your esults and unloose your answers, conclusions and adviseations. But keep your answers short and to the point. In grading, importance will be attached to the clarity and conciseness of your answers. Good luck DECISION & riskiness ANALYSIS EXAM FastFerment FastFerment is a start-up venture started by UCL scientists and engineers. The tauten has notice an enzyme which accelerates the evolution of the mold Aspergillus Orgzae, which is used for reservation traditional rice-based souse drinks (rice wines) in East Asia such as Sake or Makgeolli.W biddy this pulverisation is included in the achievement of the rice wines, the production stretch time is shortened from 10 days to 3 days without touch on the taste or quality of the wine, as it accelerates the fermentation of the rice. Thus, the pulverise kitty substantially increase the production capacity for the rice-wine manu accompanimenturers and provide them with a combative advantage. Recently, FastFerment has perfected the technology of genetically engineering and mass producing this accelerating enzyme and storing it in a disintegrate form.They atomic number 18 streamly formulating strategies to commercialize the powder by qualifying the powder to manufacturers. Currently, they estimate at that place atomic number 18 156 rice wine manufacturers, simply this could be as less as 140, as existing firms whiteth orn no longer be active, and as many as 190, as in that location are recent new entrants to the market as the rice wines feed become popular in recent categorys. Because the powder is new, they forek flat scarcely a few early adopters would be inte counterweighted in the product. The y expect between 510% of the firms to be their voltage buyers, with no specific percentage being greater than the other.The charge they would adulterate for 1 kg of the powder would depend on the hail of manufacturing the powder as well as the measure out it delivers to all(prenominal) manufacturer. After conducting sign market research, they expect an average manufacturer to be willing to constitute as high as ? 950/kg, precisely as low as ? 400/kg depending on the initial negotiations. They expect the betraying footing to be ? 550/kg. Moreover, it is uncertain how much criterion each manufacturer would exact to buy, which will depend on their current production capacity, notwithst anding they are estimating anywhere between 100kg to 400kg per firm.The founders agree that they would need to hire professional gross sales people with the necessary noesis of the science of the powder to help them sell to each manufacturer. They do not know how many will join, but they have made an offer to 6, and expect between 4 and 6 to join FastFerment, with each number being equally likely. The annual rent will be given in terms of salary (no commission), and it is evaluate to be ? 50,000, but it is negotiable between ? 45,000 and ? 75,000 depending on their qualifications and experience. FastFerment is in any baptistry examining the cost associated with production.While they have perfected the technology to manufacture the powder, they currently do not have the manufacturing whole shebang set up to accommodate the possible demand. initial estimates show that the fixed cost associated with setting up a manufacturing plant is at least ? 300,000 and at most ? 600,000, w ith ? 500,000 being the most likely. The variant cost for producing 1kg of the powder is pass judgment to be ? two hundred/kg, but this is also variable by 10% in either direction. Lowest rice wine manufacturers 140 adopters (%) 5. 0% price/kg 400 sum of leveraging (kg) 100 salesforce 4 Salary (? ) 45,000 Fixed cost of production (? 300,000 Variable cost per 1kg (? ) clxxx TABLE 1 Likely 156 -550 50,000 500,000 200 MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 highest 190 10. 0% 950 400 6 75,000 600,000 220 DECISION & fortune ANALYSIS EXAM The objective of FastFerment is to maximize the annual reach, but it is unclear whether the firm would be net incomeable based on the numbers game. Question 1. Scenario analytic thinking drive Risk for Excel and open the Excel spreadsheet FastFerment. Perform a scenario compend for this venture, and determine the best-case and worst-case scenarios (do not use Risk for this, just plug the numbers in the model and observe the results).What are your co nclusions? The scenario depth psychology below shows that there is signifi jackpott uncertainty in the advantageousness of this venture. The worst-case scenario shows a loss of ? 924,000, whereas the best-case scenario shows a authority boodle of ? 5,372,000. So there is a substantial downside, but also a huge upside. AT this point, therefore, it is not recommended to make any decision, as it is just unclear how the risks will affect th pull inability of this venture. Rice wine manufacturers early adopters (%) price/kg Quantity of purchase (kg) salesforce Salary (? ) Fixed cost of production (? )Variable cost per 1kg (? ) Annual profit (? ) Worst Case Scenario Best Case Scenario 140 190 5. 0% 10. 0% 400 950 100 400 6 4 75,000 45,000 600,000 300,000 220 1 hundred eighty -924,000 5,372,000 Question 2. Sensitivity digest Which is the biggest risk, (a) the variable cost/kg (b) the price/kg or (c) the % of early adopters? How did you determine this? Again, do not yet use Risk. Set ting as the base case 7. 5% for %-adopters, 250 to measuring stick of purchase, 5 as the number of salesforce, and the rest of the parameters to the most likely case, and we check the potentiality impact of these ternary parameters.The price/kg is the biggest risk, with a potential impact of ? 1,608,750 when varied from 400 to 950 (-? 165,000 versus ? 1,443,750). The %-early adopters is the second biggest risk with a potential impact of ? 682,500 when varied from 5% to 10% (-? 67,500 versus ? 615,000). The variable cost/kg is the lowest risk with a potential impact of ? 117,000 when varied from 180 to 220 (? 215,250 versus ? 332,250). MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM Question 3. pretext Analysis DistributionsTo perform a feigning analysis, we need to identify an appropriate dispersal to model each of the risk factors. Determine an appropriate distribution and their parameters for each of the risk factors. Triangular distributions (with the lowest, likely and highest estimates as parameters) would work well for all risks except % of early adopters and quantity of purchase, which should be uniform (with the lowest and highest estimates as the parameters), and salesforce, which should be discrete with equal probability of 0. 33 to each three cases 4,5,6.Question 4. Simulation Analysis Average Using Risk, perform a simulation analysis, and determine the average profit for this venture. How high and low could the profit potentially be? Compare these results with the scenario analysis results. After performing 5000 iterations, the average profit is approximately ? 570,000. This means that if we were to run this business for many years, we would have an average annual profit of around ? 570,000 per year (provided the conditions do no change over time). MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAMQuestion 5. Simulation Analysis volt-ampere What is the likelihood that the profit is positive? What is the probability that the profit is ? 1. 5M or more(prenominal)? W hat is the Value-at-Risk (VaR)? There is about 80% fortuity of making a profit, and about 10% chance of making a profit that is ? 1. 5M or more. The VaR at 5% is around -? 300,000. Question 6. Simulation Analysis Tornado Diagram Examine the tornado diagram. What can you close? Suppose that increasing the number of sales people and their salaries increase the quantity of powder that each manufacturer buys.Would this be a good investing? The tornado diagram shows that the quantity of purchase and the price/kg are the biggest risk factors. The risks related to the cost of production of the powder or the number of salesforce and salary are actually not that significant. Increasing the salesforce and the salary in return for increase in the quantity of purchase therefore seems to be a good investment. MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM flipper Grains is one of the leading manufacturers of rice wines.The CEO of tail fin Grains, a UCL alumnus, has erudite about FastFerments powder through his personal networks, and immediately recognised the potential opportunity the powder can represent. According to v Grains recent internal consumer trend study, the demand for various specialty rice wines (using antithetical variety of rice), which is currently negligible due to nonproduction, is expected to rise in the next several years. In particular, for the current year, they conjecture that with 50% the demand will be large (translating into a potential profit of ? 4. 5M), and with 50% it will be small (translating into a potential profit of ? . 5M). Although other firms are looking into producing the specialty rice wines, it is difficult for them to quickly do so as it requires building additional capacity, as most firms do not want to produce the specialty rice wines at the disbursal of sacrificing the traditional rice wine production. However, with access to the powder, firms can immediate ly dispatch up their production capacity to mass produce the specialty rice-wines and sustain its potential demand. Five Grains also recognized that the competitors also eventually go back information and gain access to the FastFerments powder.If this happens, Five Grains will have to share the demand with its competitors. Based on intuition, the CEO believes that there is 70% chance that more than 1 competing manufacturers will eventually adopt the powder and dive into the specialty rice-wine market. In such case, Five Grains will just attach 20% of the demand and hence suck up 20% of the potential profit. On the other hand, there is a 20% chance that one competitor adopts the powder, in which case they will be able to capture 50% of the demand and hence constitute 50% of the potential profit.He believes that there is however 10% chance that nobody else will MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM enter the market during the year, in which case they can capture 80% of the demand and 80% of the potential profit. To maximize their knowledge of the powder, Five Grains is currently negotiating a bay window with FastFerment to ask for a 1-year exclusivity agreement. If the quite a little can be made, then Five Grains will be the only manufacturer with the access to the powder and be certain to capture 80% of demand (80% of profit). Question 7. determination Analysis What to do? The meeting takes place and FastFerment asks Five Grains for ? 1. 5M for the 1-year exclusivity visual sense. Using a decision tree, note out whether or not Five Grains should agree to buy the 1-year exclusivity deal at ? 1. 5M. I would recommend Five Grains to not buy the one year exclusivity deal for ? 1. 5M, as the expected profit associated with not buying the deal (? 0. 8M) is greater than that with the deal (? 0. 5M). MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM Question 8. Decision Analysis Value?What is the upper limit mensuration t hat Five Grains should pay for the 1-year exclusivity deal? The maximum amount that Five Grains should pay for the deal is ? 1. 2M, as it is the price when the expected profits are the same when buying and not buying. Question 9. Decision Analysis Risk/Sensitivity Examine the risk profile for Five Grains with and without the 1-year exclusivity deal at ? 1. 5M. If the demand turns out to be large, what is the (expected) profit with and without the 1 -year exclusivity deal? What if the demand turns out to be small?How does the value of 1-year exclusivity deal change with respect to the probability that the demand is large? If the demand turns out to be large, then with the 1-year exclusivity deal, Five Grains will earn ? 2. 1M, whereas without it they will earn ? 1. 44M on average with the risk of earning less than ? 1M. However, if the demand turns out to be small, then Five Grains will lose ? 1. 1M, whereas without it they will earn ? 0. 16M. Thus, speckle there is higher upside w ith the 1-year exclusivity deal, it also represents a greater downside risk. MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAMWhen the probability that the demand is high increases by 1%, there is a ? 12,800 increase in the expected profit. MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM Question 10. Decision Analysis A year later The deal for the 1-year exclusivity had been signed for ? 1M, and the demand for the specialty rice wines had cancelled out to be high. After a new study, Five Grains now projects that the demand for the variety wine will be large with probability 90% (translating into a potential profit of ? 9M), and small with probability 10% (translating into a profit of ? 1M).Moreover, the CEO feels that there is a 95% chance that more than one competitor will adopt the powder, which would allow them to earn 20% of the potential profit, and there is a 5% chance that only 1 firm will adopt , which would allow them to earn 50% of the potential pro fit. He believes that there is 0% that no firm adopts the powder this year, unless Five Grain brokers a 1-year exclusivity deal again with FastFerment, in which case they will earn 80% of the potential profit. (i) W hat is the value of 1-year exclusivity for this year for Five Grains? Call this VFG. Five Grains contacts FastFerment and offers to pay (0. * VFG) for a 1-year exclusivity deal, citing the fact that it represents a steep increase from the ? 1M paid in the previous year. (ii) From FastFerments point of view, they believe that the bridal rate of the powder has now increase and expects between 5060% of the manufacturers to become their potential buyers. Taking the rest of the parameters from the previous year as a conservative estimate of the current year (change all the parameters in Table 1, except the % -adopters), what is the minimum amount that FastFerment should demand from Five Grains this year for the 1-year exclusivity deal?Run the simulation analysis using Risk a nd find the expected profit with the high adoption rate. W ill the deal go through? From the Decision Tree, we find that the value is approximately ? 4. 8M. MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014 DECISION & RISK ANALYSIS EXAM We find that with the adoption rate between 5060%, the expected profit is around ? 8. 9M, and there is 10% chance that FastFerment will make ? 15M or more. The deal wont go through this time as the 1-year exclusivity deal would need to be prohibitively expensive for Five Grains. MSING014 MSING014B MSINM014

Advertising Principles And Practice

However the Effie is one important award which is given for effectuality (visit EFFIE Worldwide at mad. Effie. Org ) The New York Ameri burn Marketing Association introduced these awards in 1968 and it honors the real world work of agency/client partnerships that frame, manage, and build brands In sumptuous 1996 Ionians launched one of the nigh memorable ads lively, music-filled commercials featured dogs, dolls, a grinning Nipponese man, and the tag line Enjoy the Ride yet the campaign failed as no car was shown and Ionians lost share and posted losses that course of instruction Characteristics of Effective AdsTypes of advertisement The Ideas and Struck are examples of Brand Advertising which is most visible and some commercials use humor to create brand knowingness Retail or Local Advertising focuses on retailers or manufacturers in small areas tit objective of stimulating store traffic and create distinctive image for store or manufacturer e. G. White joggle Political / Dir ectory Advertising Politicians advertise to vote for them or their ideas as in ASSAI and some other countries. Critics feel this can focus more on image than on issues, and voters concentrate on the emotional parts ignoring the captious differences Directory advertize helps people in how to buy products and services e. G.Yellow Pages Direct-Response advertising can use any medium including Direct mail and tries to stimulate sales directly and Internet helps here How Ad Agencies are Organized handbill Management acts as liaison been the client and the agency. at a time the client establishes the guidelines for a campaign and perhaps even one advertisement, accounts perplexity handles day-to-day progress Creative Development and Production includes copy,rites, art directors, producers, assure creators, coaches, etc Media mean and Buying plans, buys and researches on the use of different media Account Planning and Research act as strategic specialists who prepare recommendatio ns about consumers wants, involve and relationship to the clients brand, and how advertising should work to satisfy those needsInternal services includes traffic department, bulls eye production, financial services, and human resources or personnel a-to-8 Advertising and Institutional Advertising B-to-B includes messages directed to retailers, wholesalers, and distributors and also to industrial purchasers, professionals like lawyers, physicians but not to world-wide consumers through professional journals This is also called corporate advertising and aims to establish corporate identity or winning public over to the companys point of face e. G. Tobacco companies are running ads on positive things they are doing, also ads for pharmacy companies Public Service / Interactive In Public Service Announcements (AAAS) the message is on behalf of good causes like stopping drunk impulsive or preventing child abuse. These ads are usually created by ad professionals unaffixed of charg e and the media often donate space and time Interactive advertising is delivered to individual consumers who have access to computer and internet.

Product Life Cycle Stage of Godrej Chotukool Essay

1. Introduction This stage is characterised by Low competition, efforts to improve consumers about the product, trials and free samples. 2. Growth This stage is characterised by mass promotions and attempts to speciate the product from that of competitors. 3. Maturity In this stage, firms focus on finding overbold target segments and creating value additions. 4. Decline In this stage, the product class in the main dies due to strong competitors or obsolete technology. Firms focus on gross revenue promotion, tie ups or move on to emerging markets.Godrej Chotukool currently lies in its introduction stage.According to Godrej Appliances Vice-President (Corporate Development) G Sunderraman,the confederacy is currently focussing on1. Educating the juvenile end users, training the intermediaries and building the distribution infrastructure.2. Communicating a distinct value proposition to the emerging consumers is also a challenge.3. For Chotukool, the Godrej meeting has junked the tr aditional model of a proprietary channel with a sales force and a distributor-dealer chain and has joined hands with micro-finance institutions.4. Chotukool requires demonstration and fostering which doesnt happen in the trade, so Godrej was reluctant to use traditional trade channels. The company has entered into a marketing tie-up with the India Post (Maharashtra Circle) to leverage the vast reach of the latter in terms of second of offices and work force to push sales of ChotuKool .The India Post team will not hardly generate sales leads, but will also book orders and stack up payment from customers. For physical delivery of ChotuKools at customers doorsteps, Godrej uses show Parcel Post Service.5. Apart from this, Godrej also involves village girls in interchange the products at a commission of Rs 150 per product sold (something that the company claims will slash the distribution and marketing be by 40 per cent).For Chotukool, the Godrej group has junked the traditional model of a proprietary channel with a sales force and a distributor-dealer chain and has joined hands with micro-finance institutions.This new distribution ecosystem is just one of the unique experiments that Godrej is trying out to fox a splash in the bottom of the pyramid refrigerator market. at that place are many more.But the clear winner is its cost. At Rs 3,250, it costs almost 35 per cent less than the cheapest category of refrigerators available in the market today. Apart from involving village girls in selling the products at a commission of Rs 150 per product sold (something that the company claims will reduce the distribution and marketing costs by 40 per cent), Godrej has gone in for several engineering innovations to keep the price low. The size is small and the number of parts in Chotukool has been reduced to just 20 instead of cc that go into regular refrigerators.References1. http//articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-22/news/29571277_1_rural-markets-godr ej-appliances-infrastructure

Japanese Management System Essay

c be StylesCorporation steering is necessity for an institution to survive during times of change as it is the bureau of management to provide a plan of action, leadership and delegation of authority. Management social sympathy of rules ensures growing forget be maintained for the organization and that the corporation will continue to function.Multiple expressions of management are determined by who has the obligation for the delegation of responsibility for decision-making as tumefy as the degree of companionship in the decision-making processes across the company. In general, management systems appear to be wedged upon by the civilises of the corporation, the magnitude of the organization and the heathenish context the organization operates in spite of appearance (Kim, pp. 538-39).Optimal management style is essential to a corporation as the style put ond will determine how the institutions processes are organized, as well as how efficiently employees will pid dle cooperatively or in competition with each other. Work experiences such as employee cooperation, corporation leadership and employee loyalty to the company will be dependant on the style of management used by the corporation.As such, it is important for different nations to give out clement resource management practices that reflect their local circumstances and socio-cultural, governmental and economic situations. For example, some Asian nations such as South Korea, mainland China and lacquer submit adopted a HRM strategy that is grounded in Confucian values of respect for the family foremost, and an emphasis on obligations to the collective (Rowden, pp. 163-64). Nipponese Management Systemjapan is a democratic nation and has a exceedingly refined and formalized culture that is in many ways balancerained. The work ethics of lacquerese business appears to focus dealing with work pressures in ways that are remarkably different to those of western industries. This is due to the living socialization of Japanese citizens to think in terms of the collective, and behaviours that resemble individuation are highly discouraged.One way to ensure that its people adapt to the practice of maintaining face is by the use of ostracism to disengage the non-conforming individualist from the group. Hence, team work and cooperative practices are very salient within the Japanese society. Especially, employees work with a high commitment to their organization, and also march a commitment to the economic welfare of their nation.The Japanese legal system maintains the labour standards that currently exist, a principle one being life write up trade. Although some employees would prefer a different system to lifetime craft, the ingrain cultural management means that the practice is likely to remain. In feature the government and industry work together most cooperatively. The general aim of the nation and its industries appears to be steady and continuous growth rather than a focus on profits, shareholder interests are secondary, and investors appear to be case with making minimal profits as long as growth is the focus. The form of management appears to be quite paternal and authoritarian (Mroczkowski, pp. 21-22).Japan hunt downs to be very authoritarian in management style, and so on that point is little dispersion of power sharing across the company. Redundancy does non seem to be a concern for employees, as lifetime recitation ensures that they are receiving a wage at home or they are relegated to another part of the company. As part of lifetime employment the homes of employees whitethorn likely be owned by the corporation that they work for. Employees tend to go on leisure trips as a group. Many areas of employees lives are influenced by the corporation that they work with. This is one of the ways abidance is expected.There is an emphasis on a team-oriented approach to corporate running. This incorporates prevalent and consisten t goals, Organizational commitment, Role clarity among team members, Team leadership, vulgar accountability with the team, Complementary knowledge and skills, Reinforcement of required behavioural competencies and shared rewards. It s expected that such approaches fulfil the familial and community expect that there is a gap present in todays society, and so the company can fulfil a basic human subscribe to.KaizenThe Japanese style of management is clearly characteristic of its collectivist cultural background. Foremost, the most prominent characteristic of the Japanese corporation is that it is family like in quality. As such, the Japanese corporation can be described as an entity dissipated, in contrast to a property firm.As an entity, the corporation functions as an institution in that it is maintained across time and has an identity of its own, that is set forth and non-dependant on the employees and managers who work within it. This system of corporate governance has exist ed by way of lifetime employment, higher rank of wages and advancement, as well as enterprise-based unions.Lifetime employment is characterized by management being primarily of employees who wealthy person spent their entire career within the firm. In this way the seniority wage system could be utilized as a promotion process by way of seniority of age and on the job task ability. Performance merit remained and rivalry was highly dependant on ones ability to cooperate with others (Bamber, p. 303).What Is The Japanese Management System?This segment sketches the fountainhead management practices that are mostly agreed to have applied in Japan until now, at least in massive corporations in the manufacturing sector. As we shall notice afterward, the system as illustrated here is currently experiencing significant amendments. duty and Personnel PracticesAmongst many prominent features of the Japanese management structure, one is the lifetime service. The expression is, however, some thing of a misnomer and is better expressed as enduring employment with a particular firm. In comparison with much western practice, big(a) firms in Japan aim to sign up all their employees, twain blue and white collar, directly from the learning system. Regular workers enter the firm at its minor levels and are then projected to keep with it for the rest of their operational lives.Though some movement between firms is bearable, this is generally cut back to immature employees at the start of their transaction. Apart from this, there is an indulgent between employer and employee that to depart the firm amounts to a severe contravene of mutual commitment. This system is self-maintaining because large firms hardly ever enlist military force from other corporations. in one case the preliminary exploration phase is over, employees cannot leave without rigorously damaging their profession prospects.To westerners, life span employment seems perplexing, not least because it appears to restrain a firms capability to amend its employment costs in response to varying business surroundings. But the system is underpinned by the use of transitory workers who can be laid off as the need arises. Lifetime service is therefore far from worldwide in Japan, even out in large manufacturing companies.Furthermore, women are expelled from the system. Some approximations have indicated that only 40 to 60% of those functioning in large firms and trading houses are cover by lifetime employment (Coad, pp. 314-16). New employees are given exhaustive technical guidance plus a more general preference into the firms culture covering such subjects as its history and values. Additional training is offered during each step of the employees livelihood, and is anticipated to be taken very sincerely. For example, upgrading to better levels may depend on undefeated completion of the firms encouragement examinations.Job-rotation is another major sign of Japanese management approach and i s not limited to ground levels and carries on all the way through an employees live of business. Besides rewards of job-security, deport and position, Japanese firms offer a broad range of safety benefits. These may consist of financial support with housing and schooling, medicinal facilities, free expatriate and social conveniences. Retirement profits are, however, insufficient by western principles. As with life span employment, welfare necessities express the paternalistic relationship among employer and employee, although momentary workers are not permitted to obtain these benefits. They are also disqualified from membership of the organization union. Finally, the Japanese policy to decision-making involves wide communication and discussion. Suggestions for change are disseminated within the organization and intricate attempts are made to secure agreement from the parties that are likely to be influenced. Ideas for enhancement to operating actions are back up from undernea th and are considered at every stage until an agreement is accurate (House, pp. 6-7).Taken collectively, practices such as lifetime service, constant teaching and job-rotation, seniority-based buy off and sponsorship, wide-range welfare necessities, and agreement decision-making provide centre employees with employment sanctuary, non-stop upgrading in fee and status over a long period, extensive all-encompassing safety benefits, proficiency development through training, and a grade of contribution in decision-making. In return, employees are predicted to display full commitment to their job and to their company.Japanese Management in JapanThe well-known advocates of learning from Japan be predisposed to assume that Japans employment and personnel practices and the Japanese management style were the foremost causes of the success of large firms, and hence of national success. Although Japans economy has been triumphant, its industry has not been uniformly so. industrial and hi-te ch competitiveness is one of the burning current issues in Japan.Japans dominance in manufacturing has been displayed chiefly in the mass-production and high-technology industries. This could signify that firms in less(prenominal) successful industries have not applied the employment and personnel practices of Japanese management in the way that those in flourishing industries have (Grein and Takada, pp. 19-20). But an alternative and more reasonable possibility is that these practices are less important to success than has been assumed.ConclusionYet, the Japanese management system should not be conceptualized as if it is composed only by practices within firms. Japans system of alliance capitalism comprises commonly supportive networks of industrial and financial firms and relations with government which play a momentous role in the economys operation. Theorists argued that Japans system is adjusting to naked conditions but that its basic model of corporate governance, struggle an d employment form largely intact. So even if the personnel practices practiced by large Japanese firms are uniting with those of the Western States, Japans overall management system looks likely to retain its pre-eminent character.Works CitedBamber, G. and Leggett, C. (2001), Changing employment relations in the Asia- Pacific Region, International Journal of Management, Vol. 22 zero(prenominal)4, pp. 303.Coad, A.F. (2002), Not everything is black and white for falling dominoes, Leadership and Organization culture Journal, Vol. 21 No.6, pp. 314-16.Grein, A.F. and Takada, H. (2001), Integration and responsiveness marketing strategies of Japanese and European simple machine manufacturers, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 9 No.2, pp.19-20.House, R. (2002), Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe an introduction to project GLOBE, Journal of World Business, Vol. 37 No.1, pp. 6-7.Kim, J. (2000), Perceptions of Japanese organizational culture, Jo urnal of Managerial Culture, Vol. 15 No.6, pp. 53839.Mroczkowski, T. and Hanaoka, M. (1998), The terminate of Japanese Management How Soon? Human Resource Planning, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 21-22.Rowden, R.W. (2002), The strategic role of human resource management in ontogeny a global corporate culture, International Journal of Management, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp.163-164.

Bank of America Business Analysis

Bank of the States is ane of the worlds largest financial institutions, serving individual(a) consumers, small and middle sized foodstuff product linees and large corporations with a vast array of products and service. From multi-million dollar crushows to thousands of ATMs throughout the United States and overseas, Bank of America is among the worlds leading wealth precaution companies and is a global leader in corporeal air. Bank of America Business Capital provides asset-based credit facilities of $10 million or more than throughout the United States, Canada and Europe for manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and service businesses.Bank of America is currently listed as number 5 on the Fortune Global ergocalciferol annual ranking of Americas largest corporations. However, they did not place at bottom the top 100 of fortune 500 companies to work for in 2009 (CNN. com money magazine, 2009). Bank of America operates in more than 10 countries including regions in Euro pe, Asia, and important and South America. With operations in such a wide flow of selected countries Bank of America ( feather boa) has to deal with differing legal and cultural aspects which can link up to the amount of risk the management is willing to accept.This risk includes what is called systematic semipolitical risk. As a rule, a countrys political processes do not treat foreign operations unfairly. If they did, few companies would hazard the enthronisation (Daniels et. al, p. 105, 2011). The differing market and legal systems, ranging from common law to theocratic law and a mixed system, etc could make room for trouble for BOAs supranational business if the interpretation of the laws be not the same.Similarly, economic risk is the likelihood that certain events or changes in the economic status or a comp whatsoever or will cause drastic changes adversely tinge profits and other goals. The ability to metre and understand risk and determine which risk is acceptable is a key factor of success with any international business venture. This along with political risk will rush to be managed forecasted effectively to judge the outcome of any changes to governmental, import, or merchandise changes as they could affect the profits and or losses which could ultimately affect a companys ability to repay a loan that was granted by BOA.Although the 2011 chief financial officer Outlook reports that U. S. companies boilers suit are extremely involved in foreign markets and are forecasting international gross sales growth in 2011 (2011 CFO Outlook), if I were a political adviser for BOA, I would amplyly caution them with respect to venturing into a country where they are not willing to accept our form of economic feasibility or where the GDP does not represent strength as it relates to longevity in spite of appearance the economy.It would be far too difficult to influence change within an entire culture sound to add breadth to the organization. Fu rthermore, without the ability to measure and understand the end state of a cultural shift, the foreign business opportunity may be at risk of unacceptable losses especially where healthcare costs and costs of materials are concerned (2001 CFO Outlook). Bank of America is changing because its customers are changing. In the 2009 Financial floor Brian T.Moynihan, Chief Executive Officer and President of BOA said there is nothing more important to our more than 280,000 Bank of America teammates and me than our feel that theres a right way to do business an approach that balances our responsibilities to all our stakeholders. This belief has guided our efforts as weve worked to supporter customers, clients and communities mount up out the economic storm. He also went on to say that the just about pressing need is the overhaul of loan modifications.The pressing need for this is to help families and businesses manage their monthly cash flow to get through the crisis. However, BOA is making strides ahead of some of the other financial institutions. They repaid the Troubled asset Relief Program (TARP) in December of 2009 although they reported a web loss applicable to common tradeholders of $2. 2 billion (BOA 2009 Financial Report). This has be to work fine for common law states but it would prove to be much more difficult in civil law or a mixed system and just about impossible in theocratic law system.BOA has a code of conduct or ethics as they call it as a significant take up of their processes used to manage risk. They train their associates to mitigate risk and set high standards for their associates. This provides a framework for the associates to conduct themselves with the highest integrity in delivering products or services to their customers. We instill a risk-conscious culture through communications, training, policies, procedures, and organizational roles and responsibilities.Additionally, we continue to uphold the linkage between the associa te performance management process and individual compensation to encourage associates to work toward enterprise-wide risk goals. (Brian T. Moynihan, BOA 2009 Financial Report). This is vitally important for the company to extend these ethics to the workforce overseas as the importation and adoption of the headquarters mindset will ensure that drove nation workers will also adhere to the higher standards associated with conducting business with BOA.It is just a good business practice to ensure that wherever you operate, you share the same vision that will foster success and continued best practices. Although I did not find any social programs during my research on BOA, I did notice when I was in Panama that they have Panamanian and American workers employed. I would presume to say that, just as in any working environment the management would establish some single out of informal program amongst its workers. And seeing how BOA strives with its code of ethics this could be not far f rom the truth as bonds are made as the people work together daily.In conclusion, BOA has done instead well for themselves and that is directly attributed to the high standard set by the corporate office and CEO Brian T. Moynihan. As one of the world banking leaders it would do them well to continue to look toward the future of expanding and exploring other joint ventures locally and internationally. They would do well to guide their investment strategy and actions by observe the consumer deposits, credit card services, and investment management as an indicator of the overall economic status and potential growth of their joint ventures.Referenceshttp//money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2009/full_list/index.html